Ch. 21 - Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
virus
A
- particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
2
Q
capsid
A
- protein coat surrounding a virus
3
Q
lytic infection
A
- type of infection in which a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst
4
Q
bacteriophage
A
- kind of virus that infects bacteria
5
Q
lysogenic infection
A
- type of infection in which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA
6
Q
prophage
A
- bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the bacterial host’s DNA
7
Q
retrovirus
A
- RNA virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
8
Q
prokaryote
A
- unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
9
Q
binary fission
A
- type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
10
Q
endospore
A
- structure produced by prokaryotes in unfavorable conditions; a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm
11
Q
conjugation
A
- process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information
12
Q
pathogen
A
- disease-causing agent
13
Q
vaccine
A
- preparation of weakened or killed pathogens used to produce immunity to a disease
14
Q
antibiotic
A
- a group of drugs used to block the growth and reproduction of bacterial pathogens
15
Q
cilium
A
- short hair like projection that produces movement
16
Q
flagellum
A
- structure used by protists for movement; produces movement in a wavelike motion
17
Q
alternation of generations
A
- life cycle that has two alternating phases — a haploid (N) phase and diploid (2N) phase
18
Q
chitin
A
- complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods
19
Q
hypha
A
- one of many long, slender filaments that makes up the body of a fungus
20
Q
fruiting body
A
- reproductive structure of a fungus that grows from the mycelium
21
Q
mycelium
A
- densely branched network of the hyphae of a fungus
22
Q
lichen
A
- symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
23
Q
mycorrhiza
A
- symbiotic association of plant roots and fungi
