Ch. 11 - Cell Growth and Division

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

• process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• process of reproduction involving a single parent they results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

• type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

• threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next

Question 5

chromatin

Answer 5

• substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Question 6

cell cycle

Answer 6

• series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

Question 7

interphase

Answer 7

• period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

• part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Question 9

cytokinesis

Answer 9

• division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Question 10

prophase

Answer 10

• first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

Question 11

chromatid

Answer 11

• one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

Question 12

centromere

Answer 12

• region of a chromosome where the the two sister chromatids attach

Question 13

centriole

Answer 13

• structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

• phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Question 15

anaphase

Answer 15

• phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 16

telophase

Answer 16

• phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out anto a tangle of chromatin

Question 17

growth factor

Answer 17

• one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells

Question 18

cyclin

Answer 18

• one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 19

apoptosis

Answer 19

• the process of programmed cell death

Question 20

cancer

Answer 20

• disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control cell growth

Question 21

tumor

Answer 21

• mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

Question 22

embryo

Answer 22

• developing stage of a multicellular organism

Question 23

differentiation

Answer 23

• process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 24

totipotent

Answer 24

• cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)

Question 25

blastocyst

Answer 25

• stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells

Question 26

pluripotent

Answer 26

• cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types

Question 27

stem cell

Answer 27

• unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells

Question 28

multipotent

Answer 28

• cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells