Ch. 11 - Cell Growth and Division Flashcards
1
Q
cell division
A
- process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
2
Q
asexual reproduction
A
- process of reproduction involving a single parent they results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
3
Q
sexual reproduction
A
- type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
4
Q
chromosome
A
- threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next
5
Q
chromatin
A
- substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
6
Q
cell cycle
A
- series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
7
Q
interphase
A
- period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
8
Q
mitosis
A
- part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
9
Q
cytokinesis
A
- division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
10
Q
prophase
A
- first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
11
Q
chromatid
A
- one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
12
Q
centromere
A
- region of a chromosome where the the two sister chromatids attach
13
Q
centriole
A
- structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
14
Q
metaphase
A
- phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
15
Q
anaphase
A
- phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
16
Q
telophase
A
- phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out anto a tangle of chromatin
17
Q
growth factor
A
- one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
18
Q
cyclin
A
- one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
19
Q
apoptosis
A
- the process of programmed cell death
20
Q
cancer
A
- disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control cell growth
21
Q
tumor
A
- mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
22
Q
embryo
A
- developing stage of a multicellular organism
23
Q
differentiation
A
- process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
24
Q
totipotent
A
- cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
25
blastocyst
- stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
26
pluripotent
- cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
27
stem cell
- unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
28
multipotent
- cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
