Ch. 16 - Biotechnology

Question 1

selective breeding

Answer 1

• method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Question 2

biotechnology

Answer 2

• the process of manipulating organisms, cells, or molecules, to produce specific products

Question 3

hybridization

Answer 3

• breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Question 4

inbreeding

Answer 4

• continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the derived characteristics of a kind of organism

Question 5

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 5

• the technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

Question 6

recombinant DNA

Answer 6

• DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Question 7

plasmid

Answer 7

• small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

Question 8

genetic marker

Answer 8

• alleles that produce detectable phenotypic differences useful in genetic analysis

Question 9

transgenic

Answer 9

• term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms

Question 10

clone

Answer 10

• member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

Question 11

gene therapy

Answer 11

• process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder. An absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene

Question 12

DNA microarray

Answer 12

• glass slide of silicon chip that contains thousands of single-stranded DNA fragments arranged in a grid. A DNA microarray is used to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time

Question 13

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 13

• tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual’s unique collection of DNA fragments; used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same person

Question 14

forensics

Answer 14

• scientific study of crime scene evidence