Ch. 15 - The Human Genome

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

• entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA

Question 2

karyotype

Answer 2

• micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size

Question 3

sex chromosome

Answer 3

• one of two chromosomes that determines an individual’s sex

Question 4

autosome

Answer 4

• chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome

Question 5

sex-linked gene

Answer 5

• a gene located on a sex chromosome

Question 6

pedigree

Answer 6

• chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations

Question 7

nondisjunction

Answer 7

• error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly

Question 8

restriction enzyme

Answer 8

• enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides

Question 9

gel electrophoresis

Answer 9

• procedure used to separate and analyze DNA by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Question 10

genomic imprinting

Answer 10

• process in which epigenetic chemical marks can be passed from one generation to the next in a sex-specific way