Ch. 12 - Introduction to Genetics Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
genetics
A
- scientific study of heredity
2
Q
fertilization
A
- process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
3
Q
trait
A
- specific characteristics of an individual
4
Q
hybrid
A
- offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
5
Q
gene
A
- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent offspring
6
Q
allele
A
- one of a number of different forms of a gene
7
Q
principle of dominance
A
- Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
8
Q
segregation
A
- separation of alleles during gamete formation
9
Q
gamete
A
- sex cell
10
Q
probability
A
- likelihood that a particular event will occur
11
Q
homozygous
A
- having two identical alleles for a particular gene
12
Q
heterozygous
A
- having two different alleles for a particular gene
13
Q
phenotype
A
- physical characteristics of an organism
14
Q
genotype
A
- genetic makeup of an organism
15
Q
Punnett square
A
- diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
16
Q
independent assortment
A
- one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
17
Q
incomplete dominance
A
- situation on which one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
18
Q
codominance
A
- situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expresses
19
Q
multiple alleles
A
- a gene that has more than two alleles
20
Q
polygenic trait
A
- trait controlled by two or more genes
21
Q
homologous
A
- term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
22
Q
diploid
A
- term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
23
Q
haploid
A
- term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
24
Q
meiosis
A
- process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
25
Q
tetrad
A
- structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis
26
Q
crossing over
A
- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
