chemical potential Flashcards

1
Q

size of system doubles

A

energy of each molecule remains the same

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2
Q

chemical potential

A

how G will change as composition of mixture changes - deals with open system

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3
Q

chemical potential unit

A

μ - free energy per mole of that compound under given set of conditions

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4
Q

chemical potential also known as

A

partial molar Gibbs free energy

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5
Q

intensive state function

A

independent of system size

chemical potential stays the same no matter the no. molecules

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6
Q

as chemical potential never changes

A

useful to measure average energy of molecule depending on environment only and not system size

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7
Q

one component system equation

A

μ = G/n or G - μn

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8
Q

one component meaning

A

one type of molecule

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9
Q

unit G

A

sum of chemical potential of all species(types) present

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10
Q

multiple component system (G)

A

G = sum of (μ{x}n{x})

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11
Q

unit n

A

no. moles

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12
Q

if x is composed of molecules of p and q

A

G = μ{q}n{q} + μ{p}n{p}

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13
Q

biochemical process

A

removal of R from system x and addition of P

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14
Q

DG = sum of (μ{R}Dn{R})

A

negative as they are using up R

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15
Q

DG = sum of (μ{P}Dn{P})

A

positive as they are adding P

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16
Q

equilibrium

A

DG = 0

17
Q

if A to B equation for a spontaneous reaction

A

DG = μ{B}n - μ{A}n

18
Q

if μ{B} < μ{A}

A

DG is negative

therefore spontaneous reaction

19
Q

in complex reaction spontaneous equation

A

DG = cμ{C} +dμ{D} - aμ{A} - bμ{B}

20
Q

cμ{C} +dμ{D} < aμ{A} + bμ{B}

A

spontaneous reaction

21
Q

spontaneous change

A

weight sum of chemical potential can be lowered

22
Q

equilibrium in complex spontaneous changes

A

weighted sum of chemical potentials for R and P are equal

23
Q

open system

A

DG = 0

24
Q

closed system

A

sum of (R)μn = sum of (P)μn

25
Q

chemical potential with concentration

A

chemical potential varies with concentration

26
Q

for solvent/ liquid for chemical potential with conc

A

μ{x} = μ{x}* + RTln([x]/[x]*)

27
Q

[x]* in solvent / liquid

A

concentration in standard state

concentration of pure liquid

28
Q

for solute for chemical potential with conc

A

μ{x} = μ{x}* + RTln([x]/[x]*)

29
Q

[x]* in solute

A

concentration of standard state

[x]* = 1M

30
Q

μ dependent on concentration

A

μ can be < or > than μ*

31
Q

if concentration increases

A

μ increases

32
Q

lowering concentration allows

A

more thermodynamically stable

entropy f component is large at lower concentration that at higher concentration