chemical potential

Question 1

size of system doubles

Answer 1

energy of each molecule remains the same

Question 2

chemical potential

Answer 2

how G will change as composition of mixture changes - deals with open system

Question 3

chemical potential unit

Answer 3

μ - free energy per mole of that compound under given set of conditions

Question 4

chemical potential also known as

Answer 4

partial molar Gibbs free energy

Question 5

intensive state function

Answer 5

independent of system size

chemical potential stays the same no matter the no. molecules

Question 6

as chemical potential never changes

Answer 6

useful to measure average energy of molecule depending on environment only and not system size

Question 7

one component system equation

Answer 7

μ = G/n or G - μn

Question 8

one component meaning

Answer 8

one type of molecule

Question 9

unit G

Answer 9

sum of chemical potential of all species(types) present

Question 10

multiple component system (G)

Answer 10

G = sum of (μ{x}n{x})

Question 11

unit n

Answer 11

no. moles

Question 12

if x is composed of molecules of p and q

Answer 12

G = μ{q}n{q} + μ{p}n{p}

Question 13

biochemical process

Answer 13

removal of R from system x and addition of P

Question 14

DG = sum of (μ{R}Dn{R})

Answer 14

negative as they are using up R

Question 15

DG = sum of (μ{P}Dn{P})

Answer 15

positive as they are adding P

Question 16

equilibrium

Answer 16

DG = 0

Question 17

if A to B equation for a spontaneous reaction

Answer 17

DG = μ{B}n - μ{A}n

Question 18

if μ{B} < μ{A}

Answer 18

DG is negative

therefore spontaneous reaction

Question 19

in complex reaction spontaneous equation

Answer 19

DG = cμ{C} +dμ{D} - aμ{A} - bμ{B}

Question 20

cμ{C} +dμ{D} < aμ{A} + bμ{B}

Answer 20

spontaneous reaction

Question 21

spontaneous change

Answer 21

weight sum of chemical potential can be lowered

Question 22

equilibrium in complex spontaneous changes

Answer 22

weighted sum of chemical potentials for R and P are equal

Question 23

open system

Answer 23

DG = 0

Question 24

closed system

Answer 24

sum of (R)μn = sum of (P)μn

Question 25

chemical potential with concentration

Answer 25

chemical potential varies with concentration

Question 26

for solvent/ liquid for chemical potential with conc

Answer 26

μ{x} = μ{x}* + RTln([x]/[x]*)

Question 27

[x]* in solvent / liquid

Answer 27

concentration in standard state

concentration of pure liquid

Question 28

for solute for chemical potential with conc

Answer 28

μ{x} = μ{x}* + RTln([x]/[x]*)

Question 29

[x]* in solute

Answer 29

concentration of standard state

[x]* = 1M

Question 30

μ dependent on concentration

Answer 30

μ can be < or > than μ*

Question 31

if concentration increases

Answer 31

μ increases

Question 32

lowering concentration allows

Answer 32

more thermodynamically stable

entropy f component is large at lower concentration that at higher concentration