acid and bases 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why is it important

A

proteins made of sequence of amino acid - side chains
DNA and RNA - nucleic acid
phospholipids - head groups

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2
Q

acid

A

compound undergo chemical change - H+ ion
dissociate into ion - process in equilibrium process
HA H+ + A-

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3
Q

base

A

compound undergo chemical change - combine with H+
B + H+ BH+
e.g. ammonia to ammonium

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4
Q

acid and water e.g. HCL

A

HCL dissociate in water - HCL H+ + Cl-

H+ cannot exist independently - combine - H+ + water , H3O+

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5
Q

hydronium ion

A

H3O+

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6
Q

base and water

A

B + H2O BH+ + OH-

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7
Q

Bronsted-lowry

A

acid - H+ donor

base H+ acceptor

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8
Q

conjugated pair

A

acid needs base to donate H+ to etc

forward acid = back reaction base

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9
Q

extent of dissociation reaction

A

HA + H2O H3O+ + A-

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10
Q

extent of dissociation reaction in equilibrium

A

no overall change

back and forward reaction occur at same

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11
Q

extent of dissociation reaction in aqueous

A

happens almost instantaneously

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12
Q

strength

A

extent to which acid dissociates - position of equilibrium

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13
Q

strength of acid

A

readiness with acid donate H+ - H3O+

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14
Q

strength of base

A

readiness of base accepting H+ from water = OH-

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15
Q

strong acid

A

lies on RHS

dissociates and has weak conjugate base

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16
Q

weak acid

A

lies LHS
does not dissociate to great extent
has strong conjugate base

17
Q

strong and weak base

A

similar to strong and weak base instead on dissociating - accepting H+

18
Q

example - ethanoic acid

A

weak acid but strong conjugate base - accepts H+

19
Q

acid dissociation constant (Ka) equation

A

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

in solution - [H2O] is too large and will not change therefore can remove it from the equilibrium constant

20
Q

if Ka is too large

A

[P]>[R]
reaction lies RHS
strong acid - mostly dissociates

21
Q

if Ka is too small

A

[P]

22
Q

pKa and pKb

A

value of Ka wary in large range therefore use log scale

23
Q

pKa equation

A

pKa = -log(Ka)

24
Q

weaker acid in terms of pKa

A

increases

25
Q

ion product of water

A

water can act as both acid and base

H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-

26
Q

Kc in ion product of water

A

water intact - lies on LHS - little H2O dissociate - ignoring LHS

27
Q

Kw - special value of equilibrium constant

A

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]

1x10(-14) at 25 degrees Celsius