acid and bases 1

Question 1

why is it important

Answer 1

proteins made of sequence of amino acid - side chains
DNA and RNA - nucleic acid
phospholipids - head groups

Question 2

acid

Answer 2

compound undergo chemical change - H+ ion
dissociate into ion - process in equilibrium process
HA H+ + A-

Question 3

base

Answer 3

compound undergo chemical change - combine with H+
B + H+ BH+
e.g. ammonia to ammonium

Question 4

acid and water e.g. HCL

Answer 4

HCL dissociate in water - HCL H+ + Cl-

H+ cannot exist independently - combine - H+ + water , H3O+

Question 5

hydronium ion

Answer 5

H3O+

Question 6

base and water

Answer 6

B + H2O BH+ + OH-

Question 7

Bronsted-lowry

Answer 7

acid - H+ donor

base H+ acceptor

Question 8

conjugated pair

Answer 8

acid needs base to donate H+ to etc

forward acid = back reaction base

Question 9

extent of dissociation reaction

Answer 9

HA + H2O H3O+ + A-

Question 10

extent of dissociation reaction in equilibrium

Answer 10

no overall change

back and forward reaction occur at same

Question 11

extent of dissociation reaction in aqueous

Answer 11

happens almost instantaneously

Question 12

strength

Answer 12

extent to which acid dissociates - position of equilibrium

Question 13

strength of acid

Answer 13

readiness with acid donate H+ - H3O+

Question 14

strength of base

Answer 14

readiness of base accepting H+ from water = OH-

Question 15

strong acid

Answer 15

lies on RHS

dissociates and has weak conjugate base

Question 16

weak acid

Answer 16

lies LHS
does not dissociate to great extent
has strong conjugate base

Question 17

strong and weak base

Answer 17

similar to strong and weak base instead on dissociating - accepting H+

Question 18

example - ethanoic acid

Answer 18

weak acid but strong conjugate base - accepts H+

Question 19

acid dissociation constant (Ka) equation

Answer 19

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

in solution - [H2O] is too large and will not change therefore can remove it from the equilibrium constant

Question 20

if Ka is too large

Answer 20

[P]>[R]
reaction lies RHS
strong acid - mostly dissociates

Question 21

if Ka is too small

Answer 21

[P]

Question 22

pKa and pKb

Answer 22

value of Ka wary in large range therefore use log scale

Question 23

pKa equation

Answer 23

pKa = -log(Ka)

Question 24

weaker acid in terms of pKa

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

ion product of water

Answer 25

water can act as both acid and base

H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-

Question 26

Kc in ion product of water

Answer 26

water intact - lies on LHS - little H2O dissociate - ignoring LHS

Question 27

Kw - special value of equilibrium constant

Answer 27

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]

1x10(-14) at 25 degrees Celsius