Cheaper 7: Muscular System Flashcards
agon/o
Agony, a contest
amputat/o*
To cut through
brach/i*
Arm
cleid/o*
Clavicle
clon/o
Turmoil
duct/o
To lead.
dactyl/o*
Finger or toe
dermat/o
Skin
fasci/o
A band
fibr/o
Fiber
is/o*
Equal
metr/o
To measure
muscul/o
Muscle
my/o(s)
Muscle
neuro/o
Nerve
path/o
Disease
prosth/e
An addition
rhabd/o*
To turn
rotat/o
To turn
sarc/o
Flesh
scler/o*
Hardening
stern/o
Sternum
synov/o
Synovial
ten/o*
Tendon
therm/o
Hot, heat
ton/o
Tone, tension
tors/o*
Twisted
tort/i
Twisted
troph/o
A turning
volunt/o
Will
Muscles
Cause movement. Help to maintain posture and produce heat.
Three types of muscle
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Skeletal muscles
Produces various types of body movement through contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. Is a voluntary muscle and is striated. Under control of the Central Nervous System.
Smooth muscles or visceral
Produce relatively slow contraction with greater degree of extensibility in the internal organs, especially organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, plus certain muscles of the eye and skin, and walls of blood vessels. Is involuntary and is not striated. Under Autonomic control.
Cardiac muscle
Contraction of the myocardium, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium. Is also involuntary and is striated. Under Autonomic control.
Tendons
Bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.
Fascia
A group of fibers held together by connective tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath or this. This is a thick band of connective tissue around a muscle.
Sterrnocleidomastoid
Anterior, Rotates and laterally flexes neck.
Deltoid
Anterior/posterior, raises and rotates arm
Pectoralis major
Anterior, Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm
Biceps brachii
Anterior, flexes arm and forearm and supinates forearm
Gluteus medius
Posterior, Abducts and rotates thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Posterior, extends and rotates thigh.
What are the three parts of the muscle?
Body, origin, and insertion
Body of the muscle
The main portion of the muscle.
Origin of the muscle
The fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone.
Insertion of the muscle
Is the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves.
Tendon
The band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones
Aponeurosis
A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as a fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their own origin or insertion.
Antagonist
Muscle that is primary in a given movement; when one contracts and the other relaxes.
Prime mover or agonist
Muscle that is primary in a given movement; the movement is produced by its contraction.
Synergist
Muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement.
All movement is the contraction of a prime mover (agonist) and the relaxation of the opposing muscle (antagonist).
???
Involuntary, visceral, or unstriated smooth muscles are not controlled by the conscious part of the brain.
?????
Tonicity
Where muscles continue to help maintain posture through a continual partial contraction of skeletal muscles.
Abductor
Muscles that on contraction draws away from the middle.
Adductor
Muscle that draw a part toward the middle.
Amputation
Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage.
Aponeurosis
A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion.
Ataxia
Lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders.
Atrophy
Lack of nourishment; wasting of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle.
Brachialgia
Pain in the arm.
Bradykinesia
Slowness of motion or movement
Dactylospasm
Medical term for cramp in the finger or toe.
Dermatomyositis
Chronic, immunological disease with symptomatic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by Edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles.
Diaphragm
Partition of muscles and membranes that separate the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing.
Dystonia
Condition of impaired muscle tone.
Dystrophy
Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles.
Range of motion (ROM)
Movement of each joint through its full range of motion; used to prevent the loss of mobility or to regain usage after an injury or fracture.
Facia
Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
Disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. It is often traced to a physical or emotional trauma. There are 18 trigger points, if a person has pain in at least 11 points they are diagnosed.
Insertion
Point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves.
Intramuscular (IM)
Pertaining to within the muscle, such as an IM injection.
Isometric
Literally means pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal lengths.
Isotonic
Pertaining to having the same tone or tension.
Levator
Muscle that raises or elevates a part.
Muscular dystrophy
Refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement.
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle.
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The primary symptom is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest.
Myology
Study of muscles.
Myomalacia
Softening of muscle tissue.
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle.
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suture of a muscle wound.
Mayosarcoma
Malignant tumor delivered from muscle tissue.
Myosclerosis
Abnormal condition of hardening of the muscle.
Myotome
Surgical instrument used to cut muscle.
Myotomy
Surgical incision into a muscle.
Polyplegia
Paralysis affecting many muscles.
Fowler’s
Head of bed raised about 18 inches or 46 cm; patient sitting up with knees also elevated.
Lithotomy
On the back with extremities flexed and feet placed in stirrups.
Prone
Lying face downward, used in the examination of the back, injections, and massage.
Supine
Lying flat on the back with face upward and arm at the sides, used in examining the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities and in assessing vital signs.
Trendelenburg
Body supine on a bed or examining table that is tilted at about a 45 degree angle with the head lower than the feet; used to displace abdominal organs during surgery and in treating cardiovascular shock, also called the shock position.
Prosthesis
Artificial device used to replace the organ or body part, such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.
Quadriceps
Muscle that has four heads or points of origin.
Rhabdomyoma
Tumor of striated muscle tissue.
Rheumatism
General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.
Rotation
Process of moving a body part around a central axis.
Rotator cuff
Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber.
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process.
syn-
With, together
Tendon
Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones.
Tendonesis
Surgical binding of a tendon
Tendodynia
Pain in a tendon
Tetany
Condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium metabolism.
Torsion
Process of being twisted.
Triceps
Muscle having three heads with a single insertion.
Voluntary
Under the control of one’s will.
Calcium blood test
Test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium, which is essential for muscular contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.
Creatine kinase (CK)
Blood test to determine the level of CK, which is increased in necrosis or atrophy of skeletal muscle, traumatic muscle injury, strenuous exercise, and progressive muscular dystrophy.
Electromyography (EMG)
Test to measure electrical activity across muscle membranes by means of electrodes attached to a needle that is inserted into the muscle.
AE
Above elbow
AK
Above knee
BE
Below elbow
BK
Below knee
Ca
Calcium
EMG
Electromyography
FMS
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
FROM
Full range of motion
IM
Intramuscular
LOM
Limited or loss of motion
MD
Muscular Dystrophy
ROM
Range of motion
SOB
Shortness of breath
TBW
Total body weight
TJ
Triceps jerk
dys-
Difficult, impaired
