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Medical Terminology > Cheaper 7: Muscular System > Flashcards

Cheaper 7: Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agon/o

A

Agony, a contest

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2
Q

amputat/o*

A

To cut through

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3
Q

brach/i*

A

Arm

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4
Q

cleid/o*

A

Clavicle

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5
Q

clon/o

A

Turmoil

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6
Q

duct/o

A

To lead.

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7
Q

dactyl/o*

A

Finger or toe

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8
Q

dermat/o

A

Skin

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9
Q

fasci/o

A

A band

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10
Q

fibr/o

A

Fiber

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11
Q

is/o*

A

Equal

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12
Q

metr/o

A

To measure

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13
Q

muscul/o

A

Muscle

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14
Q

my/o(s)

A

Muscle

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15
Q

neuro/o

A

Nerve

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16
Q

path/o

A

Disease

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17
Q

prosth/e

A

An addition

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18
Q

rhabd/o*

A

To turn

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19
Q

rotat/o

A

To turn

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20
Q

sarc/o

A

Flesh

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21
Q

scler/o*

A

Hardening

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22
Q

stern/o

A

Sternum

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23
Q

synov/o

A

Synovial

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24
Q

ten/o*

A

Tendon

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25
Q

therm/o

A

Hot, heat

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26
Q

ton/o

A

Tone, tension

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27
Q

tors/o*

A

Twisted

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28
Q

tort/i

A

Twisted

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29
Q

troph/o

A

A turning

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30
Q

volunt/o

A

Will

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31
Q

Muscles

A

Cause movement. Help to maintain posture and produce heat.

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32
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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33
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Produces various types of body movement through contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. Is a voluntary muscle and is striated. Under control of the Central Nervous System.

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34
Q

Smooth muscles or visceral

A

Produce relatively slow contraction with greater degree of extensibility in the internal organs, especially organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, plus certain muscles of the eye and skin, and walls of blood vessels. Is involuntary and is not striated. Under Autonomic control.

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35
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Contraction of the myocardium, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium. Is also involuntary and is striated. Under Autonomic control.

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36
Q

Tendons

A

Bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.

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37
Q

Fascia

A

A group of fibers held together by connective tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath or this. This is a thick band of connective tissue around a muscle.

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38
Q

Sterrnocleidomastoid

A

Anterior, Rotates and laterally flexes neck.

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39
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior/posterior, raises and rotates arm

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40
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Anterior, Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm

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41
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Anterior, flexes arm and forearm and supinates forearm

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42
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Posterior, Abducts and rotates thigh

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43
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Posterior, extends and rotates thigh.

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44
Q

What are the three parts of the muscle?

A

Body, origin, and insertion

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45
Q

Body of the muscle

A

The main portion of the muscle.

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46
Q

Origin of the muscle

A

The fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone.

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47
Q

Insertion of the muscle

A

Is the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves.

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48
Q

Tendon

A

The band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones

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49
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as a fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their own origin or insertion.

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50
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that is primary in a given movement; when one contracts and the other relaxes.

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51
Q

Prime mover or agonist

A

Muscle that is primary in a given movement; the movement is produced by its contraction.

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52
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement.

53
Q

All movement is the contraction of a prime mover (agonist) and the relaxation of the opposing muscle (antagonist).

A

???

54
Q

Involuntary, visceral, or unstriated smooth muscles are not controlled by the conscious part of the brain.

A

?????

55
Q

Tonicity

A

Where muscles continue to help maintain posture through a continual partial contraction of skeletal muscles.

56
Q

Abductor

A

Muscles that on contraction draws away from the middle.

57
Q

Adductor

A

Muscle that draw a part toward the middle.

58
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage.

59
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion.

60
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders.

61
Q

Atrophy

A

Lack of nourishment; wasting of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle.

62
Q

Brachialgia

A

Pain in the arm.

63
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement

64
Q

Dactylospasm

A

Medical term for cramp in the finger or toe.

65
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Chronic, immunological disease with symptomatic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by Edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles.

66
Q

Diaphragm

A

Partition of muscles and membranes that separate the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing.

67
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of impaired muscle tone.

68
Q

Dystrophy

A

Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles.

69
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

Movement of each joint through its full range of motion; used to prevent the loss of mobility or to regain usage after an injury or fracture.

70
Q

Facia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body.

71
Q

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

A

Disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. It is often traced to a physical or emotional trauma. There are 18 trigger points, if a person has pain in at least 11 points they are diagnosed.

72
Q

Insertion

A

Point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves.

73
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

Pertaining to within the muscle, such as an IM injection.

74
Q

Isometric

A

Literally means pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal lengths.

75
Q

Isotonic

A

Pertaining to having the same tone or tension.

76
Q

Levator

A

Muscle that raises or elevates a part.

77
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement.

78
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain in the muscle.

79
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The primary symptom is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest.

80
Q

Myology

A

Study of muscles.

81
Q

Myomalacia

A

Softening of muscle tissue.

82
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle.

83
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suture of a muscle wound.

84
Q

Mayosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor delivered from muscle tissue.

85
Q

Myosclerosis

A

Abnormal condition of hardening of the muscle.

86
Q

Myotome

A

Surgical instrument used to cut muscle.

87
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical incision into a muscle.

88
Q

Polyplegia

A

Paralysis affecting many muscles.

89
Q

Fowler’s

A

Head of bed raised about 18 inches or 46 cm; patient sitting up with knees also elevated.

90
Q

Lithotomy

A

On the back with extremities flexed and feet placed in stirrups.

91
Q

Prone

A

Lying face downward, used in the examination of the back, injections, and massage.

92
Q

Supine

A

Lying flat on the back with face upward and arm at the sides, used in examining the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities and in assessing vital signs.

93
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Body supine on a bed or examining table that is tilted at about a 45 degree angle with the head lower than the feet; used to displace abdominal organs during surgery and in treating cardiovascular shock, also called the shock position.

94
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial device used to replace the organ or body part, such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.

95
Q

Quadriceps

A

Muscle that has four heads or points of origin.

96
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Tumor of striated muscle tissue.

97
Q

Rheumatism

A

General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.

98
Q

Rotation

A

Process of moving a body part around a central axis.

99
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.

100
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber.

101
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process.

102
Q

syn-

A

With, together

103
Q

Tendon

A

Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones.

104
Q

Tendonesis

A

Surgical binding of a tendon

105
Q

Tendodynia

A

Pain in a tendon

106
Q

Tetany

A

Condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium metabolism.

107
Q

Torsion

A

Process of being twisted.

108
Q

Triceps

A

Muscle having three heads with a single insertion.

109
Q

Voluntary

A

Under the control of one’s will.

110
Q

Calcium blood test

A

Test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium, which is essential for muscular contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.

111
Q

Creatine kinase (CK)

A

Blood test to determine the level of CK, which is increased in necrosis or atrophy of skeletal muscle, traumatic muscle injury, strenuous exercise, and progressive muscular dystrophy.

112
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Test to measure electrical activity across muscle membranes by means of electrodes attached to a needle that is inserted into the muscle.

113
Q

AE

A

Above elbow

114
Q

AK

A

Above knee

115
Q

BE

A

Below elbow

116
Q

BK

A

Below knee

117
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

118
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

119
Q

FMS

A

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

120
Q

FROM

A

Full range of motion

121
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

122
Q

LOM

A

Limited or loss of motion

123
Q

MD

A

Muscular Dystrophy

124
Q

ROM

A

Range of motion

125
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

126
Q

TBW

A

Total body weight

127
Q

TJ

A

Triceps jerk

128
Q

dys-

A

Difficult, impaired

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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