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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveol/o

A

Small, hollow air sac

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2
Q

anthrac/o

A

Coal

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3
Q

atel/o

A

Imperfect

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4
Q

bronch/i or bronch/o

A

Bronchi

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5
Q

bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole

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6
Q

con/i

A

Dust

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7
Q

cyan/o

A

Dark blue

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8
Q

cyst/o

A

Sac

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9
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

Diaphragm, partition

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10
Q

halat/o

A

Breathe

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11
Q

lob/o

A

Lobe

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12
Q

mes/o

A

Middle

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13
Q

olfact/o

A

Smell

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14
Q

orth/o

A

Straight

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15
Q

pectoral/o

A

Breast, chest

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16
Q

pleur/o

A

Air

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17
Q

pneumon/o or pulmon/o

A

Lung

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18
Q

py/o

A

Pus

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19
Q

respirat/o

A

Breathing

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20
Q

rhin/o

A

Nose

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21
Q

rhonch/o

A

Snore

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22
Q

spir/o

A

Breath

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23
Q

tubercul/o

A

A little swelling

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24
Q

Respiratory system

A

System consisted of nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and lungs

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25
Q

Nose

A

Serves as an air passageway, warms and moistens inhaled air, cilia and mucous membrane trap dust, pollen, bacteria, and other foreign matter….

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26
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and for food, contributes to phonation as a chamber where the sound is able to resonate

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27
Q

Larynx

A

Produces vocal sounds, the voicebox . High notes are formed by short,tense vocal cords. Low notes are produced by long, relaxed vocal cords. The nose, the mouth, pharynx, and bony sinuses aid in phonation and the tone that is produced to give each person a distinctive sound.

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28
Q

Trachea

A

Provides an open passageway for air to and from the lungs. It is a semi-cylindrical cartilaginous tube

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29
Q

Bronchi

A

Provides a passageway for air to and from the lungs.

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30
Q

Lungs

A

Bring air into intimate contact with blood so that the oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged in the alveoli.

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31
Q

Glottis

A

A narrow slit at the opening between the true vocal folds.

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32
Q

Epiglottis

A

Covers the entrance of the larynx. During swallowing it acts as a lid to prevent aspiration of food into the trachea.

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33
Q

The bronchi

A

The two main branches of the trachea, that provide a passage way for air to the lungs. The right bronchus and the left bronchus. The right bronchus is larger and extends down in a more vertical direction than the left bronchus.

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34
Q

Hilum

A

The depression that each bronchus enters the lung.

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35
Q

Lungs

A

The organs of respiration. Each has an apex that is at the eternal end of the 1st rib, and a base that lies on the diaphragm. Each have lobes. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left has two lobes.

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36
Q

Alveoli

A

The air cells where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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37
Q

Surfactant

A

A substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.

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38
Q

Infant Respiratory distress syndrome

A

In preterm infants, the lack of surfactant.

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39
Q

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Lack of surfactant, a substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.

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40
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

Amount of air in a single inspiration and expiration. About 500 mL of air enters during normal quiet breathing

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41
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.

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42
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A

Maximal volume of the air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration.

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43
Q

Medulla oblongata and the pons

A

Two of the structures of the brainstem, that regulate and control respiration

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44
Q

Respiratory rate

A 
Regulated by the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata
Newborn  30-80
1st year.    20-40
5th year.    20-25
15th year: 15-20
Adult 12 -20
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45
Q

Alveolus

A

Pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs

46
Q

Anthracosis

A

Lung condition caused by inhalation of coal and silica, also called black lung

47
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing.

48
Q

|sphyx|

A

Pulse

49
Q

Asthma

A

Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest.

50
Q

Atelectasis

A

The partial collapse of a segment of alveolus decreasing the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; condition of imperfect dilation of the lung

51
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lungs

52
Q

Bronchoscope

A

Medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi

53
Q

-ectasis

A

Dilation, expansion

54
Q

Croup

A

Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor.

55
Q

Cyanosis

A

Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood.

56
Q

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death

57
Q

Dysphonia

A

Condition of difficulty speaking. Hoarseness.

58
Q

Emphysema

A

Chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged and destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. Primary cause is smoking.

59
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

60
Q

Eupnea

A

Good or normal breathing

61
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up blood.

62
Q

-ptysis

A

To spit

63
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air

64
Q

Inhalation

A

The process of breathing in

65
Q

|halat|

A

Breathe

66
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

67
Q

Laryngoscope

A

Medical instrument used tonvisuallt examine the larynx

68
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland

69
Q

Olfaction

A

Process of smelling

70
Q

Orthopnea

A

Inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position

71
Q

Pertussis

A

Also called whooping cough.

72
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor

73
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles such as coal dust

74
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants

75
Q

Pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lung

76
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and the lungs, causing the lung to collapse

77
Q

Polyp

A

Tumor with a stem; can occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines

78
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in the chest cavity

79
Q

Rale

A

Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling,mor dubbling sound

80
Q

-or

A

A doer

81
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the nose

82
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from the nose

83
Q

Rhonchus

A

Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction

84
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea or exertion

85
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinus

86
Q

Spirometer

A

Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration

87
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracentesis

88
Q

Tracheostomy

A

New opening into the trachea

89
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus.

90
Q

tubercul

A

A little swelling

91
Q

Acid-fast bacilli

A

Test performed on sputum to detect the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacilli. Positive results indicate tuberculosis

92
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi via a flexible bronchoscope

93
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the larynx via the laryngoscope.

94
Q

Pulmonary function test

A

Series of tests performed to determine the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membrane in the lungs

95
Q

AFB

A

Acid-fast bacilli

96
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

97
Q

ARDS

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

98
Q

CF

A

Cystic fibrosis

99
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

100
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

101
Q

ENT

A

Ear, nose, and throat

102
Q

ET

A

Endotracheal

103
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

104
Q

IRDS

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

105
Q

PND

A

Postnasal drip, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

106
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory disease

107
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

108
Q

T & A

A

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

109
Q

TLC

A

Total lung capacity

110
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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