Chapter 11: Respiratory System Flashcards
alveol/o
Small, hollow air sac
anthrac/o
Coal
atel/o
Imperfect
bronch/i or bronch/o
Bronchi
bronchiol/o
Bronchiole
con/i
Dust
cyan/o
Dark blue
cyst/o
Sac
diaphragmat/o
Diaphragm, partition
halat/o
Breathe
lob/o
Lobe
mes/o
Middle
olfact/o
Smell
orth/o
Straight
pectoral/o
Breast, chest
pleur/o
Air
pneumon/o or pulmon/o
Lung
py/o
Pus
respirat/o
Breathing
rhin/o
Nose
rhonch/o
Snore
spir/o
Breath
tubercul/o
A little swelling
Respiratory system
System consisted of nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and lungs
Nose
Serves as an air passageway, warms and moistens inhaled air, cilia and mucous membrane trap dust, pollen, bacteria, and other foreign matter….
Pharynx
Passageway for air and for food, contributes to phonation as a chamber where the sound is able to resonate
Larynx
Produces vocal sounds, the voicebox . High notes are formed by short,tense vocal cords. Low notes are produced by long, relaxed vocal cords. The nose, the mouth, pharynx, and bony sinuses aid in phonation and the tone that is produced to give each person a distinctive sound.
Trachea
Provides an open passageway for air to and from the lungs. It is a semi-cylindrical cartilaginous tube
Bronchi
Provides a passageway for air to and from the lungs.
Lungs
Bring air into intimate contact with blood so that the oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged in the alveoli.
Glottis
A narrow slit at the opening between the true vocal folds.
Epiglottis
Covers the entrance of the larynx. During swallowing it acts as a lid to prevent aspiration of food into the trachea.
The bronchi
The two main branches of the trachea, that provide a passage way for air to the lungs. The right bronchus and the left bronchus. The right bronchus is larger and extends down in a more vertical direction than the left bronchus.
Hilum
The depression that each bronchus enters the lung.
Lungs
The organs of respiration. Each has an apex that is at the eternal end of the 1st rib, and a base that lies on the diaphragm. Each have lobes. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left has two lobes.
Alveoli
The air cells where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Surfactant
A substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
Infant Respiratory distress syndrome
In preterm infants, the lack of surfactant.
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Lack of surfactant, a substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
Tidal volume (TV)
Amount of air in a single inspiration and expiration. About 500 mL of air enters during normal quiet breathing
Vital capacity (VC)
Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Maximal volume of the air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration.
Medulla oblongata and the pons
Two of the structures of the brainstem, that regulate and control respiration
Respiratory rate
Regulated by the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata Newborn 30-80 1st year. 20-40 5th year. 20-25 15th year: 15-20 Adult 12 -20
Alveolus
Pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs
Anthracosis
Lung condition caused by inhalation of coal and silica, also called black lung
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing.
|sphyx|
Pulse
Asthma
Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest.
Atelectasis
The partial collapse of a segment of alveolus decreasing the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; condition of imperfect dilation of the lung
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lungs
Bronchoscope
Medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi
-ectasis
Dilation, expansion
Croup
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor.
Cyanosis
Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death
Dysphonia
Condition of difficulty speaking. Hoarseness.
Emphysema
Chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged and destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. Primary cause is smoking.
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Eupnea
Good or normal breathing
Hemoptysis
Spitting up blood.
-ptysis
To spit
Hypoxia
Condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air
Inhalation
The process of breathing in
|halat|
Breathe
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngoscope
Medical instrument used tonvisuallt examine the larynx
Lobectomy
Surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland
Olfaction
Process of smelling
Orthopnea
Inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position
Pertussis
Also called whooping cough.
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles such as coal dust
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung
Pneumothorax
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and the lungs, causing the lung to collapse
Polyp
Tumor with a stem; can occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest cavity
Rale
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling,mor dubbling sound
-or
A doer
Rhinoplasty
Surgical repair of the nose
Rhinorrhea
Discharge from the nose
Rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
Sarcoidosis
Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea or exertion
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus
Spirometer
Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration
Thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracentesis
Tracheostomy
New opening into the trachea
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus.
tubercul
A little swelling
Acid-fast bacilli
Test performed on sputum to detect the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacilli. Positive results indicate tuberculosis
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi via a flexible bronchoscope
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx via the laryngoscope.
Pulmonary function test
Series of tests performed to determine the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membrane in the lungs
AFB
Acid-fast bacilli
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ARDS
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
CF
Cystic fibrosis
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CXR
Chest x-ray
ENT
Ear, nose, and throat
ET
Endotracheal
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
IRDS
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
PND
Postnasal drip, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
SARS
Severe acute respiratory disease
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
T & A
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
TLC
Total lung capacity
URI
Upper respiratory infection
