Chapter 11: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
alveol/o
A
Small, hollow air sac
2
Q
anthrac/o
A
Coal
3
Q
atel/o
A
Imperfect
4
Q
bronch/i or bronch/o
A
Bronchi
5
Q
bronchiol/o
A
Bronchiole
6
Q
con/i
A
Dust
7
Q
cyan/o
A
Dark blue
8
Q
cyst/o
A
Sac
9
Q
diaphragmat/o
A
Diaphragm, partition
10
Q
halat/o
A
Breathe
11
Q
lob/o
A
Lobe
12
Q
mes/o
A
Middle
13
Q
olfact/o
A
Smell
14
Q
orth/o
A
Straight
15
Q
pectoral/o
A
Breast, chest
16
Q
pleur/o
A
Air
17
Q
pneumon/o or pulmon/o
A
Lung
18
Q
py/o
A
Pus
19
Q
respirat/o
A
Breathing
20
Q
rhin/o
A
Nose
21
Q
rhonch/o
A
Snore
22
Q
spir/o
A
Breath
23
Q
tubercul/o
A
A little swelling
24
Q
Respiratory system
A
System consisted of nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and lungs
25
Nose
Serves as an air passageway, warms and moistens inhaled air, cilia and mucous membrane trap dust, pollen, bacteria, and other foreign matter....
26
Pharynx
Passageway for air and for food, contributes to phonation as a chamber where the sound is able to resonate
27
Larynx
Produces vocal sounds, the voicebox . High notes are formed by short,tense vocal cords. Low notes are produced by long, relaxed vocal cords. The nose, the mouth, pharynx, and bony sinuses aid in phonation and the tone that is produced to give each person a distinctive sound.
28
Trachea
Provides an open passageway for air to and from the lungs. It is a semi-cylindrical cartilaginous tube
29
Bronchi
Provides a passageway for air to and from the lungs.
30
Lungs
Bring air into intimate contact with blood so that the oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged in the alveoli.
31
Glottis
A narrow slit at the opening between the true vocal folds.
32
Epiglottis
Covers the entrance of the larynx. During swallowing it acts as a lid to prevent aspiration of food into the trachea.
33
The bronchi
The two main branches of the trachea, that provide a passage way for air to the lungs. The right bronchus and the left bronchus. The right bronchus is larger and extends down in a more vertical direction than the left bronchus.
34
Hilum
The depression that each bronchus enters the lung.
35
Lungs
The organs of respiration. Each has an apex that is at the eternal end of the 1st rib, and a base that lies on the diaphragm. Each have lobes. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left has two lobes.
36
Alveoli
The air cells where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
37
Surfactant
A substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
38
Infant Respiratory distress syndrome
In preterm infants, the lack of surfactant.
39
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Lack of surfactant, a substance formed in the lungs that regulates the amount of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
40
Tidal volume (TV)
Amount of air in a single inspiration and expiration. About 500 mL of air enters during normal quiet breathing
41
Vital capacity (VC)
Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
42
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Maximal volume of the air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration.
43
Medulla oblongata and the pons
Two of the structures of the brainstem, that regulate and control respiration
44
Respiratory rate
```
Regulated by the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata
Newborn 30-80
1st year. 20-40
5th year. 20-25
15th year: 15-20
Adult 12 -20
```
45
Alveolus
Pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs
46
Anthracosis
Lung condition caused by inhalation of coal and silica, also called black lung
47
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing.
48
|sphyx|
Pulse
49
Asthma
Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest.
50
Atelectasis
The partial collapse of a segment of alveolus decreasing the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; condition of imperfect dilation of the lung
51
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lungs
52
Bronchoscope
Medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi
53
-ectasis
Dilation, expansion
54
Croup
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor.
55
Cyanosis
Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood.
56
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death
57
Dysphonia
Condition of difficulty speaking. Hoarseness.
58
Emphysema
Chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged and destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. Primary cause is smoking.
59
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
60
Eupnea
Good or normal breathing
61
Hemoptysis
Spitting up blood.
62
-ptysis
To spit
63
Hypoxia
Condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air
64
Inhalation
The process of breathing in
65
|halat|
Breathe
66
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
67
Laryngoscope
Medical instrument used tonvisuallt examine the larynx
68
Lobectomy
Surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland
69
Olfaction
Process of smelling
70
Orthopnea
Inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position
71
Pertussis
Also called whooping cough.
72
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor
73
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles such as coal dust
74
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants
75
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung
76
Pneumothorax
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and the lungs, causing the lung to collapse
77
Polyp
Tumor with a stem; can occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines
78
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest cavity
79
Rale
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling,mor dubbling sound
80
-or
A doer
81
Rhinoplasty
Surgical repair of the nose
82
Rhinorrhea
Discharge from the nose
83
Rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
84
Sarcoidosis
Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea or exertion
85
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus
86
Spirometer
Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration
87
Thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracentesis
88
Tracheostomy
New opening into the trachea
89
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus.
90
tubercul
A little swelling
91
Acid-fast bacilli
Test performed on sputum to detect the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacilli. Positive results indicate tuberculosis
92
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi via a flexible bronchoscope
93
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx via the laryngoscope.
94
Pulmonary function test
Series of tests performed to determine the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membrane in the lungs
95
AFB
Acid-fast bacilli
96
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
97
ARDS
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
98
CF
Cystic fibrosis
99
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
100
CXR
Chest x-ray
101
ENT
Ear, nose, and throat
102
ET
Endotracheal
103
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
104
IRDS
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
105
PND
Postnasal drip, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
106
SARS
Severe acute respiratory disease
107
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
108
T & A
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
109
TLC
Total lung capacity
110
URI
Upper respiratory infection
