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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8: The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

absorpt/o

A

To suck in

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2
Q

aden/o

A

Gland

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3
Q

aliment/o

A

Nourishment

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4
Q

amyl/o

A

Starch

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5
Q

anabol/o

A

Building up

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6
Q

append/o or appendic/o

A

Appendix

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7
Q

bil/i

A

Gall, bile

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

Cheek

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9
Q

catabol/o

A

A casting down

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10
Q

celi/o

A

Abdomen, belly

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11
Q

cheil/o

A

Lip

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12
Q

chol/e

A

Gall, bile

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13
Q

choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

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14
Q

cirrh/0

A

Orange-yellow

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15
Q

col/o or colon/o

A

Colon

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16
Q

cyst/o

A

Bladder

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17
Q

dent/o

A

Tooth

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18
Q

diverticul/o

A

Diverticula

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19
Q

duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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20
Q

enter/o

A

Intestine

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21
Q

esophage/o

A

Esophagus

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22
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue

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23
Q

gastr/o

A

Stomach

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24
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gums

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25
Q

gloss/o

A

Tongue

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26
Q

glyc/o

A

Sweet, sugar

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27
Q

halit/o

A

Breath

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28
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood

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29
Q

hemorrh/o

A

Vein liable to bleed

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30
Q

hepat/o

A

Liver

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31
Q

herni/o

A

Hernia

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32
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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33
Q

labi/o

A

Lip

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34
Q

lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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35
Q

lingu/o

A

Tongue

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36
Q

lip/o

A

Fat

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37
Q

odont/o

A

Tooth

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38
Q

pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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39
Q

pept/o

A

To digest

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40
Q

pharyng/e

A

Pharynx

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41
Q

pil/o

A

Hair

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42
Q

prand/i

A

Meal

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43
Q

proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

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44
Q

pylor/o

A

Pylorus, gatekeeper

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45
Q

rect/o

A

Rectum

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46
Q

sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary

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47
Q

sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid

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48
Q

splen/o

A

Spleen

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49
Q

somat/o

A

Mouth

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50
Q

verm/I

A

Worm

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51
Q

Digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, alimentary canal

A

All three mean Digestive System

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52
Q

4 main functions of the Digestive System?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination.

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53
Q

Pareternal nutrition

A

Pertaining of nutrition through the intestines, not through ingestion.

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54
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Digestion through the mouth and stomach

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55
Q

Which sphincter prevents food from entering into the stomach?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter.

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56
Q

Which sphincter stops acid from entering the bowel?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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57
Q

Fatty stool

A

Steatorrhea

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58
Q

Eructation

A

Belching

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59
Q

Sphincter between the ilium and cecum

A

Ileocecal valve

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60
Q

Mouth

A

Mechanically breaks food apart by the action of the teeth; moistens and lubricates food with saliva; food is formed into a bolus, a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.

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61
Q

Teeth

A

Used in mastication (chewing)

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62
Q

Salivary glands

A

Secretes saliva to moisten and lubricate food.

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63
Q

Esophagus

A

Moves the bolus by peristalsis down the esophagus into the stomach

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64
Q

Stomach

A

Reduces food to a digestible state; converts the food to a semiliquid state called chyme

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65
Q

Small intestine

A

Digestion and absorption take place chiefly in the small intestine; nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by the circulatory system

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66
Q

Large intestines

A

Reabsorbs water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus.

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67
Q

Liver

A

Changes glucose into glycogen and stored it until needed; changes glycogen back into glucose; desaturates fats;assists in protein catabolism;manufactures bile, stores vitamins, produces heat and detoxifies toxins

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68
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile that has been produced by the liver

69
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes, produces the hormones in insulin and glucagon

70
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that breaks down starch. Produced in the salivary and pancreatic

71
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up of the body substance in the constructive phase of metabolism

72
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

73
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical excision of the appendix

74
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

75
Q

Ascites

A

Significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

76
Q

Bilirubin

A

Orange-coloured bile pigment

77
Q

Bowel

78
Q

Catabolism

A

Casting down; in metabolism a breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements

79
Q

Celiac

A

Pertaining to the belly

80
Q

Cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

81
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical excision of the gallbladder

82
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

83
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

84
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease

85
Q

Colectomy

A

Surgical excision of part of the colon

86
Q

Colon cancer

A

Malignancy of the colon. Colorectal cancer

87
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Thin, lighted flexible instrument, that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy.

88
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of the colon

89
Q

Colostomy

A

Literally means the creation of a new opening into the colon.

90
Q

Constipation

A

Infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces;difficult defecation

91
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly occurs in the ileum

92
Q

Defication

A

Evacuation of the bowel.

93
Q

Deglutition

A

Act or process of swallowing

94
Q

Dentalgia

A

Pain in the tooth; toothache

95
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of unformed watery stools

96
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon

97
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Difficulty in digestion; indigestion

98
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

99
Q

Emesis

100
Q

Enteric

A

Pertaining to the small intestine

101
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself

102
Q

Epigastric

A

Pertaining to the region above the stomach

103
Q

Eructation

104
Q

Flatus

A

Bloating. Expelling gas from the anus

105
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Surgical incision of a part of or the whole stomach

106
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Literally means this study of the stomach and intestines

107
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Condition that occurs when the muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes , inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up into the esophagus

108
Q

Gavage

A

To feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)

109
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

110
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

111
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

112
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of stools that contain red blood

113
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

114
Q

Hepatoma

A

Tumor of the liver

115
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it.

116
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Occurs when the upper part of the stomached moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm

117
Q

Hyperalimentation

A

Intravenous infusion of a hypertonic solution to sustain life; used in patients who’s gastrointestinal tracts are not working properly.

118
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting

119
Q

Ileostomy

A

The surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ilium.

120
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon)

121
Q

Labial

A

Pertaining to the lip

122
Q

Laparotomy

A

Surgical incision into the abdomen

123
Q

Lavage

A

To wash out a cavity

124
Q

Laxative

A

Substance that acts to loosen bowels

125
Q

Mastication

126
Q

Nausea

A

Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit

127
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

128
Q

Peptic ulcer disease(PUD)

A

Disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach. H-pylori, approximately 90% of duodenal ulcers

129
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike contraction that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal

130
Q

Postprandial (PP)

A

Pertaining to after a meal

131
Q

Proctologist

A

Physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum.

132
Q

Pyloric

A

Pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

133
Q

Rectocele

A

Hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina.

134
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of the salivary gland

135
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

136
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon; also called colitis or proctitis

137
Q

Vermiform

A

Shaped like a worm; vermiform appendix

138
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

139
Q

Barium enema

A

Test performed by administering barium (Ba) via the recut to determine the condition of the colon

140
Q

Cholangiography

A

X-ray examination of the common bike duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts in which dye is injected and then x-rays taken. Abnormal results can indicate obstruction, stones, and tumors.

141
Q

Cholecystography

A

X-Ray exam of the gallbladder in which radiopaque dye is injected

142
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Direct visual examination of the colon

143
Q

Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

144
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) series

A

Fluoroscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in which barium is given orally and is observed as it flows through the GI system

145
Q

Occult blood

A

Test performed on feces to determine gastrointestinal bleeding that is not visible.

146
Q

Ova and parasites (O and P)

A

Test performed on stool to identify ova and parasites. Positive result indicates Protozoa infestation

147
Q

ac

A

Before meals

148
Q

Ba

149
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

150
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

151
Q

BRP

A

Bathroom privileges

152
Q

BS

A

Bowel sounds

153
Q

GB

A

Gallbladder

154
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

155
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

156
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

157
Q

HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

158
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

159
Q

LES

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

160
Q

NG

A

Nasogastric

161
Q

NPO, npo

A

Nothing by mouth

162
Q

O and P

A

Ova and parasites

163
Q

PC

A

After meals

164
Q

PP

A

Postprandial

165
Q

PUD

A

Peptic ulcer disease

166
Q

TPN

A

Total parenteral nutrition

167
Q

UGI

A

Upper gastrointestinal

168
Q

The hardest tissue in the entire body?

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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