Chapter 8: The Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
absorpt/o
A
To suck in
2
Q
aden/o
A
Gland
3
Q
aliment/o
A
Nourishment
4
Q
amyl/o
A
Starch
5
Q
anabol/o
A
Building up
6
Q
append/o or appendic/o
A
Appendix
7
Q
bil/i
A
Gall, bile
8
Q
bucc/o
A
Cheek
9
Q
catabol/o
A
A casting down
10
Q
celi/o
A
Abdomen, belly
11
Q
cheil/o
A
Lip
12
Q
chol/e
A
Gall, bile
13
Q
choledoch/o
A
Common bile duct
14
Q
cirrh/0
A
Orange-yellow
15
Q
col/o or colon/o
A
Colon
16
Q
cyst/o
A
Bladder
17
Q
dent/o
A
Tooth
18
Q
diverticul/o
A
Diverticula
19
Q
duoden/o
A
Duodenum
20
Q
enter/o
A
Intestine
21
Q
esophage/o
A
Esophagus
22
Q
fibr/o
A
Fibrous tissue
23
Q
gastr/o
A
Stomach
24
Q
gingiv/o
A
Gums
25
gloss/o
Tongue
26
glyc/o
Sweet, sugar
27
halit/o
Breath
28
hemat/o
Blood
29
hemorrh/o
Vein liable to bleed
30
hepat/o
Liver
31
herni/o
Hernia
32
ile/o
ileum
33
labi/o
Lip
34
lapar/o
Abdomen
35
lingu/o
Tongue
36
lip/o
Fat
37
odont/o
Tooth
38
pancreat/o
Pancreas
39
pept/o
To digest
40
pharyng/e
Pharynx
41
pil/o
Hair
42
prand/i
Meal
43
proct/o
Anus and rectum
44
pylor/o
Pylorus, gatekeeper
45
rect/o
Rectum
46
sial/o
Saliva, salivary
47
sigmoid/o
Sigmoid
48
splen/o
Spleen
49
somat/o
Mouth
50
verm/I
Worm
51
Digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, alimentary canal
All three mean Digestive System
52
4 main functions of the Digestive System?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination.
53
Pareternal nutrition
Pertaining of nutrition through the intestines, not through ingestion.
54
Mechanical digestion
Digestion through the mouth and stomach
55
Which sphincter prevents food from entering into the stomach?
Lower esophageal sphincter.
56
Which sphincter stops acid from entering the bowel?
Pyloric sphincter
57
Fatty stool
Steatorrhea
58
Eructation
Belching
59
Sphincter between the ilium and cecum
Ileocecal valve
60
Mouth
Mechanically breaks food apart by the action of the teeth; moistens and lubricates food with saliva; food is formed into a bolus, a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.
61
Teeth
Used in mastication (chewing)
62
Salivary glands
Secretes saliva to moisten and lubricate food.
63
Esophagus
Moves the bolus by peristalsis down the esophagus into the stomach
64
Stomach
Reduces food to a digestible state; converts the food to a semiliquid state called chyme
65
Small intestine
Digestion and absorption take place chiefly in the small intestine; nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by the circulatory system
66
Large intestines
Reabsorbs water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus.
67
Liver
Changes glucose into glycogen and stored it until needed; changes glycogen back into glucose; desaturates fats;assists in protein catabolism;manufactures bile, stores vitamins, produces heat and detoxifies toxins
68
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile that has been produced by the liver
69
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes, produces the hormones in insulin and glucagon
70
Amylase
Enzyme that breaks down starch. Produced in the salivary and pancreatic
71
Anabolism
Building up of the body substance in the constructive phase of metabolism
72
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
73
Appendectomy
Surgical excision of the appendix
74
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
75
Ascites
Significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
76
Bilirubin
Orange-coloured bile pigment
77
Bowel
Intestine
78
Catabolism
Casting down; in metabolism a breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements
79
Celiac
Pertaining to the belly
80
Cheilosis
Abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies
81
Cholecystectomy
Surgical excision of the gallbladder
82
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
83
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
84
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease
85
Colectomy
Surgical excision of part of the colon
86
Colon cancer
Malignancy of the colon. Colorectal cancer
87
Colonoscopy
Thin, lighted flexible instrument, that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy.
88
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of the colon
89
Colostomy
Literally means the creation of a new opening into the colon.
90
Constipation
Infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces;difficult defecation
91
Crohn's disease
Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly occurs in the ileum
92
Defication
Evacuation of the bowel.
93
Deglutition
Act or process of swallowing
94
Dentalgia
Pain in the tooth; toothache
95
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of unformed watery stools
96
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon
97
Dyspepsia
Difficulty in digestion; indigestion
98
Dysphasia
Difficulty in swallowing
99
Emesis
Vomiting
100
Enteric
Pertaining to the small intestine
101
Enzyme
Protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
102
Epigastric
Pertaining to the region above the stomach
103
Eructation
Belching
104
Flatus
Bloating. Expelling gas from the anus
105
Gastrectomy
Surgical incision of a part of or the whole stomach
106
Gastroenterology
Literally means this study of the stomach and intestines
107
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Condition that occurs when the muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes , inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up into the esophagus
108
Gavage
To feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)
109
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
110
Halitosis
Bad breath
111
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood
112
Hematochezia
Passage of stools that contain red blood
113
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
114
Hepatoma
Tumor of the liver
115
Hernia
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it.
116
Hiatal hernia
Occurs when the upper part of the stomached moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm
117
Hyperalimentation
Intravenous infusion of a hypertonic solution to sustain life; used in patients who's gastrointestinal tracts are not working properly.
118
Hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting
119
Ileostomy
The surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ilium.
120
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon)
121
Labial
Pertaining to the lip
122
Laparotomy
Surgical incision into the abdomen
123
Lavage
To wash out a cavity
124
Laxative
Substance that acts to loosen bowels
125
Mastication
Chewing
126
Nausea
Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit
127
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
128
Peptic ulcer disease(PUD)
Disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach. H-pylori, approximately 90% of duodenal ulcers
129
Peristalsis
Wavelike contraction that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal
130
Postprandial (PP)
Pertaining to after a meal
131
Proctologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum.
132
Pyloric
Pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.
133
Rectocele
Hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina.
134
Sialadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary gland
135
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen
136
Ulcerative colitis
Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon; also called colitis or proctitis
137
Vermiform
Shaped like a worm; vermiform appendix
138
Volvulus
Twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
139
Barium enema
Test performed by administering barium (Ba) via the recut to determine the condition of the colon
140
Cholangiography
X-ray examination of the common bike duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts in which dye is injected and then x-rays taken. Abnormal results can indicate obstruction, stones, and tumors.
141
Cholecystography
X-Ray exam of the gallbladder in which radiopaque dye is injected
142
Colonoscopy
Direct visual examination of the colon
143
Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy
Endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
144
Gastrointestinal (GI) series
Fluoroscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in which barium is given orally and is observed as it flows through the GI system
145
Occult blood
Test performed on feces to determine gastrointestinal bleeding that is not visible.
146
Ova and parasites (O and P)
Test performed on stool to identify ova and parasites. Positive result indicates Protozoa infestation
147
ac
Before meals
148
Ba
Barium
149
BE
Barium enema
150
BM
Bowel movement
151
BRP
Bathroom privileges
152
BS
Bowel sounds
153
GB
Gallbladder
154
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
155
GI
Gastrointestinal
156
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
157
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
158
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
159
LES
Lower esophageal sphincter
160
NG
Nasogastric
161
NPO, npo
Nothing by mouth
162
O and P
Ova and parasites
163
PC
After meals
164
PP
Postprandial
165
PUD
Peptic ulcer disease
166
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
167
UGI
Upper gastrointestinal
168
The hardest tissue in the entire body?
Enamel
