Chapter 15 Ear and 16 Eye Flashcards
audi/o
To hear
aur/i
Ear
chol/e
Gall or bile
cochle/o
Land snail
electr/o
Electricity
labyrinth/o
Maze, inner ear
laryng/o
Larynx, voice box
mast/o
Mastoid process, breast-shaped
myring/o
Eardrum, tympanic membrane
neur/o
Nerve
ot/o
Ear
pharyng/e
Pharynx
presby/o
Old
py/o
Pus
scler/o
Hardening
staped/o
Stapes,stirrup
steat/o
Fat
tympan/o
Eardrum,tympanic membrane
ambly/o
Dull
anis/o
Unequal
blephar/o
Eyelid
choroid/o
Choroid
conjunctiv/o
To join together. Conjunctiva
cor/o
Pupil
corne/o or kerat/o
Cornea
cry/o
Cold
cycl/o
Ciliary body
dacry/o or lacrimal/o
Tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct
dipl/o
Double
electr/o
Electricity
fibr/o
Fiber
foc/o
Focus
goni/o
Angle
irid/o
Iris
lent/o or phac/o
Lens
metr/o
Measure
mi/o
Less, small
ocul/o or ophthalm/o or opt/o
Eye
orth/o
Straight
phak/o
Lentil, lens
presby/o
Old
pupill/o
Pupil
rad/i
Radiating out from centre
retin/o
Retina
scler/o
Sclera, hardening
stigmat/o
Point
ton/o
Tone, tension
trich/o
Hair
trop/o
Turn
uve/o
Uvea
xen/o
Foreign material
xer/o
Dry
Auricle (pinna)
Collects and directs sound wave into the auditory canal and then into the tympanic membrane.
External Auditory Canal
Numerous glands line the canal and secrete cerumen to lubricate and protect the ear.
Middle ear: contains the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes; has several openings; lined with mucus membrane
Transmits sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. Equalizes external/internal air pressure by the tympanic membrane
Parts of the External Ear
auricle ( pinna), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Separates the external ear from the middle ear and it is not part of the extralegal ear.
Inner ear consists of
Cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
Chochlea
Located on the basilar membrane is the organ of Corti containing hair cell sensory receptors for the sense of hearing.
Vestibule
Contains the utricle and saccule, membranous pouches containing perilymph. The utricle communicates with the semicircular canals and contains hair cell sensory receptors connected to fibres from the 8th cranial nerve. These hair cells react to the force of gravity and movement of otoliths (ear stone) and are part of the sense of equilibrium.
Semicircular canal
Contain nerve endings in the form of a hair cells that note changes in the position of the head and reports such movement to the brain through fibres leading to the eighth cranial nerve
Perilymph
Within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, but separated from it by a pale fluid called this and is the outer fluid
Endolymph
The membranous labyrinth, filled with fluid called this on the inner cavity
Utricle and saccule in the vestibule
Membranous pouches containing perilymph
Acoustic
Pertaining to the sense of hearing
Audiology
Study of hearing disorders
Audiometer
Medical instrument used to measure hearing
-meter
Instrument to measure
Auditory
Pertaining to the sense of hearing
Aural
Pertaining to the ear
Auricle
External portion of the ear know as the pinna
Cerumen
Earwax
Cholesteatoma
Tumorlike mass filled with epithelial cell and cholesterol
Cochlea
Portion of the inner ear shaped like a snail shell; contains the Organ of Corti
Endolymph
Clear fluid contained in the labyrinth of the ear
Equilibrium
State of balance
Eustachian tube
Narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum
fenestration
surgical operation in which a new opening is made in the labyrinth of the inner ear to restore hearing
fenestrat-
window
incus
middle of the three ossicles; also called anvil
labyrinth
the inner ear; made up of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals
malleus
largest of the three ossicles; also called the hammer
Meniere’s disease
abnormality of the inner ear with symptoms including; vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss, and the sensation of pressure or pain in the affected ear.
myringectomy
surgical excision of the tympanic membrane
ossicle
small bones; any one of the three bones of the middle ear; the malleus, incus, or stapes
Otis
pertaining to the ear
otodynia
pain in the ear; earache; also referred to as otalgia
otolith
ear stone
otopyorrhea
pus in the ear
otorhinolaryngology
study of the ear, nose, and larynx, the medical specialty referred to as ENT
otosclerosis
hardening condition of the ear structures characterized by progressive deafness
perilymph
serum fluid of the inner ear
peri-
around
presbycusis
impairment of hearing that occurs in the aging
stapes
innermost of the ossicles in the middle ear; also called the stirrup
tinnitus
the sensation of ringing or roaring sounds in one or both ears is a symptom associated with damage tot he auditory cells in the inner ear
tympanectomy
surgical excision of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
tympanoplasy
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
uricle
small, saclike structure of the labyrinth of the inner ear
vertigo
sensation of instability and loss of equilibrium; caused by a disturbance in the semicircular canal of the inner ear or the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem
auditory-evoked response
response to auditory stimuli that can me measured independently of the patient’s response. Used to test the hearing of children who are too young for standard tests, autistic, hyperkinetic, and/or retarted
otoscopy
visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane via an otoscope
tuning fork test
method of testing hearing by the use of a tuning fork. two types of hearing loss can be distinguished through the use of this test; conductive and perceptive. The Rinne test is the most common
Rinne test
Uses a tuning fork to compare bone conduction (BC) hearing with air conduction (AC) After being struck the tuning fork is held on the mastoid process until the sound is no longer heard. The fork is then immediately placed just outside the ear.
AC
Air conduction
AOM
acute otitis media
BC
bone conduction
db, dB
decibel
ENG
electronystagmography
ENT
Ear, nose, and throat
HD
hearing distance
Hz
cycles/second
OM
Otitis media
TM
tympanic membrane
orbit
contains the eyeball, lined with fatty tissue to cushion the eyeball, and has several openings in which blood vessels and nerves pass
muscles of the eye
six short muscles provide support and rotary movement of the eyeball
eyelids
protect the eyeball from intense light, foreign particles, and impact, permits the eye to remain moist
conjunctiva
mucus membrane, acts as a protective covering for the exposed surface of the eyeball and helps to keep the eyelid and eyeball moist
lacrimal apparatus
produces, stores, and removes tears that cleanse and lubricate the eye
eyeball
organ of vision
sclera
outer layer of the eyeball composed of fibrous connective tissue; the white of the eye, it ends at the cornea
cornea
transparent anterior portion of the eyeball which bends light rays and helps to focus them on the surface of the retina
choroid
pigmented vascular membrane that prevents internal reflection of light
ciliary body
smooth muscle that forms a part of the ciliary body that governs the convexity of the lens; secretes nutrient fluids that nourish the cornea, the lens, and the surrounding tissue
iris
colored membrane attached to the ciliary body; regulates the amount of light admitted by the pupil
retina
innermost layer with photoreceptive cells; translates light waves focused on its surface into nerve impulses
lens
sharpens the focus of light on the retina
nasolacrimal duct
drains into the nasal cavity from the eye
visual acuity
VA; Acuteness or sharpness of vision,improves with age; A Snellen eye chart can be used to test it, the patient reads letters of various sizes from a distance of 20 ft.
aqueous humor
watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eyeball
The inverted image on the retina gets corrected in the cerebral cortex of the brain
yeah!
accomodation
process by which the eyes make adjustments to see objects at various distances
amblyopia
dullness of vision; lazy eye
anisocoria
pupils are unequal
anis/o
unequal
aphakia
condition in which the crystalline lens is absent
phak
lentil, lens
bifocal
pertaining to having two foci, as in bifocal glasses, one for near vision, one for far vision
foc
focus
blephar-
eyelid
-ptosis
prolapse, drooping
cataract
opacity of the crystalline lens; symptoms are cloudy or blurry vision
chalazion
small, hard, painless cyst of the sebaceous gland of the eyelids
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye
cryosurgery
type of surgery that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue
cycloplegia
paralysis of the ciliary muscle
dacryoma
tumorlike swelling caused by obstruction of the tear duct
diplopia
double vision
-plegia
stroke, paralysis
dacry-
tear duct
dipl/o
double
emmetropia (EM)
normal perfect vision
em-
in
metr
measure
-opia
sight, vision
entropion
turning inward of the margin of the lower eyelid
trop
turn
esotropia
(ST) condition in which the eye or eyes turn inward; crossed eyes
exotropia
(XT) turning outward of one or both eyes
gonioscope
instrument used to examine the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye
hyperopia
(HT) vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus beyond the retina; farsightedness; can see near, can’t see far
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
kerat
cornea
karatoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea
lacrimal
pertaining to tears
macular degeneration
an incurable, age-related progressive eye disease; two types wet and dry
miotic
pertaining to an agent that causes the pupil to contract
mydriatic
pertaining to an agent that causes the pupil to dilate
mydriat-
dilation, widen
myopia
(MY) vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus in the front of the retina; nearsightedness; can see far can’t see near
nyctalopia
condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night, night blindness
nystagmus
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
ocular
pertaining to the eye
ophthalmology
study of the eye
orthoptics
study and treatment of defective binocular vision resulting from defects in ocular musculature; also a technique of eye exercises for correcting defective binocular vision
phacoemulsification
process of using ultrasound to disintegrate a cataract by inserting a needle through a small incision and aspirating the disintegrated cataract
photophobia
unusual intolerance to light
presbyopia
vision defect in which parallel rays come into focus beyond the retina; occurs normally with aging
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid layer of the eye that can be caused by trauma or can occur spontaniously
retinoblastoma
malignant tumor arising from the germ cell of the retina
strabismus
squinting
sty
inflammation of one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid
tonography
recording of the intraocular pressure used in detecting glaucoma
tonometer
medical instrument used to measure intraocular pressure
trichiasis
condition of ingrowing eyelashes that rub against the cornea, causing a constant irritation to the eyeball
xenophthalmia
inflamed eye condition caused by foreign material
xerophthalmia
eye condition in which the conjunctiva is dry
gonioscopy
examination of the anterior chamber of the eye via a gonioscope; used for determining ocular motility and rotation
tonometry
measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye via a tonometer used to detect glaucoma
Acc
accomodation
EM
emmetropia
HT
hyperopia
IOL
intraocular lens
IOP
intraocular pressure
MY
myopia
ST
esotropia
STDs
sexually transmitted disease
VA
visual acuity
XT
exotropia