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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 Ear and 16 Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Ear and 16 Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

audi/o

A

To hear

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2
Q

aur/i

A

Ear

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3
Q

chol/e

A

Gall or bile

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4
Q

cochle/o

A

Land snail

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5
Q

electr/o

A

Electricity

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6
Q

labyrinth/o

A

Maze, inner ear

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7
Q

laryng/o

A

Larynx, voice box

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8
Q

mast/o

A

Mastoid process, breast-shaped

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9
Q

myring/o

A

Eardrum, tympanic membrane

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10
Q

neur/o

A

Nerve

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11
Q

ot/o

A

Ear

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12
Q

pharyng/e

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

presby/o

A

Old

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14
Q

py/o

A

Pus

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15
Q

scler/o

A

Hardening

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16
Q

staped/o

A

Stapes,stirrup

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17
Q

steat/o

A

Fat

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18
Q

tympan/o

A

Eardrum,tympanic membrane

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19
Q

ambly/o

A

Dull

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20
Q

anis/o

A

Unequal

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21
Q

blephar/o

A

Eyelid

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22
Q

choroid/o

A

Choroid

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23
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

To join together. Conjunctiva

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24
Q

cor/o

A

Pupil

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25
Q

corne/o or kerat/o

A

Cornea

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26
Q

cry/o

A

Cold

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27
Q

cycl/o

A

Ciliary body

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28
Q

dacry/o or lacrimal/o

A

Tear, lacrimal duct, tear duct

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29
Q

dipl/o

A

Double

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30
Q

electr/o

A

Electricity

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31
Q

fibr/o

A

Fiber

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32
Q

foc/o

A

Focus

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33
Q

goni/o

A

Angle

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34
Q

irid/o

A

Iris

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35
Q

lent/o or phac/o

A

Lens

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36
Q

metr/o

A

Measure

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37
Q

mi/o

A

Less, small

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38
Q

ocul/o or ophthalm/o or opt/o

A

Eye

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39
Q

orth/o

A

Straight

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40
Q

phak/o

A

Lentil, lens

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41
Q

presby/o

A

Old

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42
Q

pupill/o

A

Pupil

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43
Q

rad/i

A

Radiating out from centre

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44
Q

retin/o

A

Retina

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45
Q

scler/o

A

Sclera, hardening

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46
Q

stigmat/o

A

Point

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47
Q

ton/o

A

Tone, tension

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48
Q

trich/o

A

Hair

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49
Q

trop/o

A

Turn

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50
Q

uve/o

A

Uvea

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51
Q

xen/o

A

Foreign material

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52
Q

xer/o

A

Dry

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53
Q

Auricle (pinna)

A

Collects and directs sound wave into the auditory canal and then into the tympanic membrane.

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54
Q

External Auditory Canal

A

Numerous glands line the canal and secrete cerumen to lubricate and protect the ear.

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55
Q

Middle ear: contains the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes; has several openings; lined with mucus membrane

A

Transmits sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. Equalizes external/internal air pressure by the tympanic membrane

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56
Q

Parts of the External Ear

A

auricle ( pinna), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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57
Q

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

Separates the external ear from the middle ear and it is not part of the extralegal ear.

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58
Q

Inner ear consists of

A

Cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

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59
Q

Chochlea

A

Located on the basilar membrane is the organ of Corti containing hair cell sensory receptors for the sense of hearing.

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60
Q

Vestibule

A

Contains the utricle and saccule, membranous pouches containing perilymph. The utricle communicates with the semicircular canals and contains hair cell sensory receptors connected to fibres from the 8th cranial nerve. These hair cells react to the force of gravity and movement of otoliths (ear stone) and are part of the sense of equilibrium.

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61
Q

Semicircular canal

A

Contain nerve endings in the form of a hair cells that note changes in the position of the head and reports such movement to the brain through fibres leading to the eighth cranial nerve

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62
Q

Perilymph

A

Within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, but separated from it by a pale fluid called this and is the outer fluid

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63
Q

Endolymph

A

The membranous labyrinth, filled with fluid called this on the inner cavity

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64
Q

Utricle and saccule in the vestibule

A

Membranous pouches containing perilymph

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65
Q

Acoustic

A

Pertaining to the sense of hearing

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66
Q

Audiology

A

Study of hearing disorders

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67
Q

Audiometer

A

Medical instrument used to measure hearing

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68
Q

-meter

A

Instrument to measure

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69
Q

Auditory

A

Pertaining to the sense of hearing

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70
Q

Aural

A

Pertaining to the ear

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71
Q

Auricle

A

External portion of the ear know as the pinna

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72
Q

Cerumen

A

Earwax

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73
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Tumorlike mass filled with epithelial cell and cholesterol

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74
Q

Cochlea

A

Portion of the inner ear shaped like a snail shell; contains the Organ of Corti

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75
Q

Endolymph

A

Clear fluid contained in the labyrinth of the ear

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76
Q

Equilibrium

A

State of balance

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77
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

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78
Q

fenestration

A

surgical operation in which a new opening is made in the labyrinth of the inner ear to restore hearing

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79
Q

fenestrat-

A

window

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80
Q

incus

A

middle of the three ossicles; also called anvil

81
Q

labyrinth

A

the inner ear; made up of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals

82
Q

malleus

A

largest of the three ossicles; also called the hammer

83
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

abnormality of the inner ear with symptoms including; vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss, and the sensation of pressure or pain in the affected ear.

84
Q

myringectomy

A

surgical excision of the tympanic membrane

85
Q

ossicle

A

small bones; any one of the three bones of the middle ear; the malleus, incus, or stapes

86
Q

Otis

A

pertaining to the ear

87
Q

otodynia

A

pain in the ear; earache; also referred to as otalgia

88
Q

otolith

A

ear stone

89
Q

otopyorrhea

A

pus in the ear

90
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

study of the ear, nose, and larynx, the medical specialty referred to as ENT

91
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening condition of the ear structures characterized by progressive deafness

92
Q

perilymph

A

serum fluid of the inner ear

93
Q

peri-

A

around

94
Q

presbycusis

A

impairment of hearing that occurs in the aging

95
Q

stapes

A

innermost of the ossicles in the middle ear; also called the stirrup

96
Q

tinnitus

A

the sensation of ringing or roaring sounds in one or both ears is a symptom associated with damage tot he auditory cells in the inner ear

97
Q

tympanectomy

A

surgical excision of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

98
Q

tympanoplasy

A

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

99
Q

uricle

A

small, saclike structure of the labyrinth of the inner ear

100
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of instability and loss of equilibrium; caused by a disturbance in the semicircular canal of the inner ear or the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem

101
Q

auditory-evoked response

A

response to auditory stimuli that can me measured independently of the patient’s response. Used to test the hearing of children who are too young for standard tests, autistic, hyperkinetic, and/or retarted

102
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane via an otoscope

103
Q

tuning fork test

A

method of testing hearing by the use of a tuning fork. two types of hearing loss can be distinguished through the use of this test; conductive and perceptive. The Rinne test is the most common

104
Q

Rinne test

A

Uses a tuning fork to compare bone conduction (BC) hearing with air conduction (AC) After being struck the tuning fork is held on the mastoid process until the sound is no longer heard. The fork is then immediately placed just outside the ear.

105
Q

AC

A

Air conduction

106
Q

AOM

A

acute otitis media

107
Q

BC

A

bone conduction

108
Q

db, dB

A

decibel

109
Q

ENG

A

electronystagmography

110
Q

ENT

A

Ear, nose, and throat

111
Q

HD

A

hearing distance

112
Q

Hz

A

cycles/second

113
Q

OM

A

Otitis media

114
Q

TM

A

tympanic membrane

115
Q

orbit

A

contains the eyeball, lined with fatty tissue to cushion the eyeball, and has several openings in which blood vessels and nerves pass

116
Q

muscles of the eye

A

six short muscles provide support and rotary movement of the eyeball

117
Q

eyelids

A

protect the eyeball from intense light, foreign particles, and impact, permits the eye to remain moist

118
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucus membrane, acts as a protective covering for the exposed surface of the eyeball and helps to keep the eyelid and eyeball moist

119
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

produces, stores, and removes tears that cleanse and lubricate the eye

120
Q

eyeball

A

organ of vision

121
Q

sclera

A

outer layer of the eyeball composed of fibrous connective tissue; the white of the eye, it ends at the cornea

122
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior portion of the eyeball which bends light rays and helps to focus them on the surface of the retina

123
Q

choroid

A

pigmented vascular membrane that prevents internal reflection of light

124
Q

ciliary body

A

smooth muscle that forms a part of the ciliary body that governs the convexity of the lens; secretes nutrient fluids that nourish the cornea, the lens, and the surrounding tissue

125
Q

iris

A

colored membrane attached to the ciliary body; regulates the amount of light admitted by the pupil

126
Q

retina

A

innermost layer with photoreceptive cells; translates light waves focused on its surface into nerve impulses

127
Q

lens

A

sharpens the focus of light on the retina

128
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

drains into the nasal cavity from the eye

129
Q

visual acuity

A

VA; Acuteness or sharpness of vision,improves with age; A Snellen eye chart can be used to test it, the patient reads letters of various sizes from a distance of 20 ft.

130
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eyeball

131
Q

The inverted image on the retina gets corrected in the cerebral cortex of the brain

A

yeah!

132
Q

accomodation

A

process by which the eyes make adjustments to see objects at various distances

133
Q

amblyopia

A

dullness of vision; lazy eye

134
Q

anisocoria

A

pupils are unequal

135
Q

anis/o

A

unequal

136
Q

aphakia

A

condition in which the crystalline lens is absent

137
Q

phak

A

lentil, lens

138
Q

bifocal

A

pertaining to having two foci, as in bifocal glasses, one for near vision, one for far vision

139
Q

foc

A

focus

140
Q

blephar-

A

eyelid

141
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, drooping

142
Q

cataract

A

opacity of the crystalline lens; symptoms are cloudy or blurry vision

143
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard, painless cyst of the sebaceous gland of the eyelids

144
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye

145
Q

cryosurgery

A

type of surgery that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue

146
Q

cycloplegia

A

paralysis of the ciliary muscle

147
Q

dacryoma

A

tumorlike swelling caused by obstruction of the tear duct

148
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

149
Q

-plegia

A

stroke, paralysis

150
Q

dacry-

A

tear duct

151
Q

dipl/o

A

double

152
Q

emmetropia (EM)

A

normal perfect vision

153
Q

em-

A

in

154
Q

metr

A

measure

155
Q

-opia

A

sight, vision

156
Q

entropion

A

turning inward of the margin of the lower eyelid

157
Q

trop

A

turn

158
Q

esotropia

A

(ST) condition in which the eye or eyes turn inward; crossed eyes

159
Q

exotropia

A

(XT) turning outward of one or both eyes

160
Q

gonioscope

A

instrument used to examine the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

161
Q

hyperopia

A

(HT) vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus beyond the retina; farsightedness; can see near, can’t see far

162
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

163
Q

kerat

A

cornea

164
Q

karatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

165
Q

lacrimal

A

pertaining to tears

166
Q

macular degeneration

A

an incurable, age-related progressive eye disease; two types wet and dry

167
Q

miotic

A

pertaining to an agent that causes the pupil to contract

168
Q

mydriatic

A

pertaining to an agent that causes the pupil to dilate

169
Q

mydriat-

A

dilation, widen

170
Q

myopia

A

(MY) vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus in the front of the retina; nearsightedness; can see far can’t see near

171
Q

nyctalopia

A

condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night, night blindness

172
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

173
Q

ocular

A

pertaining to the eye

174
Q

ophthalmology

A

study of the eye

175
Q

orthoptics

A

study and treatment of defective binocular vision resulting from defects in ocular musculature; also a technique of eye exercises for correcting defective binocular vision

176
Q

phacoemulsification

A

process of using ultrasound to disintegrate a cataract by inserting a needle through a small incision and aspirating the disintegrated cataract

177
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance to light

178
Q

presbyopia

A

vision defect in which parallel rays come into focus beyond the retina; occurs normally with aging

179
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid layer of the eye that can be caused by trauma or can occur spontaniously

180
Q

retinoblastoma

A

malignant tumor arising from the germ cell of the retina

181
Q

strabismus

A

squinting

182
Q

sty

A

inflammation of one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid

183
Q

tonography

A

recording of the intraocular pressure used in detecting glaucoma

184
Q

tonometer

A

medical instrument used to measure intraocular pressure

185
Q

trichiasis

A

condition of ingrowing eyelashes that rub against the cornea, causing a constant irritation to the eyeball

186
Q

xenophthalmia

A

inflamed eye condition caused by foreign material

187
Q

xerophthalmia

A

eye condition in which the conjunctiva is dry

188
Q

gonioscopy

A

examination of the anterior chamber of the eye via a gonioscope; used for determining ocular motility and rotation

189
Q

tonometry

A

measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye via a tonometer used to detect glaucoma

190
Q

Acc

A

accomodation

191
Q

EM

A

emmetropia

192
Q

HT

A

hyperopia

193
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

194
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

195
Q

MY

A

myopia

196
Q

ST

A

esotropia

197
Q

STDs

A

sexually transmitted disease

198
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

199
Q

XT

A

exotropia

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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