Chapter 17: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
cervic/o
cervix, neck
coit/o
a coming together
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
gyneco/o
female
hyster/o
womb, uterus
men/o
month, menses, menstruation
metr/I or metr/o
womb, menses, menstruation
o/o
ovum, egg
oophor/o
ovary
pareun/o
lying beside, sexual intercourse
salping/o
fallopian tube
uter/o
uterus
venere/o
sexual intercourse
vers/o
turning
uterus
provides a place for the nourishment and development of the fetus during pregnancy, contracts powerfully to help push out the fetus during birthing
fallopian tubes
serve as ducts to convey the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and to convey spermatozoa from the uterus toward each ovary; also called uterine tubes or oviducts
function of the ovaries
produce the ova, female reproductive cells, and are endocrine glands that produce hormones: estrogen and progesterone
vagina
female organ of copulation (sexual intercourse), serves as a passageway for the discharge of menstruation and a passageway for the birth of a fetus; it is the musculomembranous tube extending from the vestibule to the uterus
mons pubis
provides pad of fatty tissue
vulva
external female genitalia
labia majora
provides two folds of adipose tissue
labia minora
lying within the labia majora, encloses the vestibule
vestibule
serves as the enterance to the urethra,, the vagina, and two excretory ducts of Barthonlin’s glands
clitoris
erectile tissue that is homologous (similar) to the penis of the male; produces pleasurable sensations
breasts
following childbirth, mammary glands produce milk
anteflexion
normal position of the uterus
three layers of the uterus
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
perimetrium
outer layer
myometrium
muscular middle layer
endometrium
the mucuus membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus.
retroversion
turned backward with the cervix pointing forward toward the symphysis pubis
retroflexion
bent backward at an angle with the cervix usually unchanged from its normal position
anteversion
fundus turned forward toward the pubis with the cervix tilted up toward the sacrum/ pg 595
Three layers of the fallopian tubes
serosa: outer most layer composed of connective tissue; the muscular layer smooth muscle; mucosa or inner layer containing columnar epithelium.
fertilization
the process in which a sperm penetrates an ovum and unites with it
zygote
the resulting cell of a single sperm penetrating the ovum
morula
when the zygote begins to divide forming a solid mass of cells
embryo
stage of development between weeks 2 and 8
blastocyst
hollow ball of cells which consists of an outer layer of cells and an inner cell mass
yolk sac
is the site of formation of the first red blood cells and the cells that will become ovum and sperm
ovaries
almond shaped organs attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament
suspensory ligaments
each ovary is attached to the side of the pelvis by these
mesovarium
portion of the peritoneal fold that attached the anterior border of each ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which produces the gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH primarily control the functional activity of the ovaries.
Follicle-stimulation hormone, and Luteinizing hormone
hymen
A fold of mucous membrane, that partially covers the external opening of the vagina. If you have this you are considered a virgin
ovulation
each month a graafian follicle ruptures on the ovarian cortex, and an ovum discharges in to the pelvic cavity, where it enters the fallopian tube
vulva
Consists of the Mons pubis, Labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, and clitoris
perineum
the region bounded by the inferior edges of the pelvis, in the female it is located between the vulva and the anus. This is where an episiotomy is performed
breasts
mammary glands, alveolar structures consisting of 15-20 grandular tissue lobes separated by the septa of connective tissue
prolactin
the hormone which is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth
colostrum
a thin yellowish secretion, is the first milk and contains mainly serum and WBCs
oxytocin
the hormone that is released by the baby’s suckling that stimulated the uterus to contract and promotes the return of the uterus to its normal nonpregnant size and state
menstrual cycle
starts at the age of puberty 11-12 yrs old, and ceases at menopause. Menstruation occurs every 21-40 days and has three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase
follicular phase
menstruation, which marks the first day of the follicular phase and is shedding of the endometrium. The average is 4-5 days
ovulatory phase
stimulation of estrogen, the ovulatory phase occurs 14 days before menstruation
luteal or secretory phase
follows ovulation and lasts about 14 days, unless fertilization occurs, and ends just before a menstrual period
premenstrual or ischemic time period
about 2 days and ends with the occurrence of menstruation
Obstetrics (OB)
the branch of medicine that pertains to the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods
Pregnancy
last 40 wks or 280 days, or 3 segments of 3 months called trimesters
4 stages of pregnancy
Prenatal stage: time between conception and labor Labor: time period during which forceful contractions move the fetus down the birth canal and expel it from the uterus during childbirth; Parturition: childbirth or delivery and Postpartum period: or puerperium 6 wks after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta
Labor
the process by which forceful contraction move the fetus down the birth canal and expel it from the uterus during childbirth
Stages of Labor
- Dilation 2. Expulsion 3. Placental
Newborn assessment
Apgar Score: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration
adnexa
accessory parts of a structure; adnexa uteri refers to the ovaries and fallopian tubes
amenorrhea
lack of monthly flow
colposcope
medical instrument to examine the vagina and cervix by means of a magnifying lens
cystocele
hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
dysmenorrhea
difficult or painful monthly flow (menses or menstruation)
dyspareunia
difficult or painful sexual intercourse (copulation)
ectopic pregnancy
when a pregnancy the occurs when the fertilized egg is implanted in one of the various sites, the most common being the fallopian tube. It is best to abort this kind of pregnancy rather then to wait for it to abort itself.
The release of FSH and LH has to happen before ovulation can occur
Yeah!
The corpus luteum is producing progesterone until fertilization takes place, then the placenta produces it.
Yeah!
Stages of fetal growth
fertilization, weeks 1-2 conceptus, weeks-3-8 embryo, weeks 9-12 fetus
endometriosis
Pathological condition in which endometrial tissue has been displaced to various sites in the abdominal or pelvic cavity. Because it is outside the uterus and cannot cast off each month, the tissue causes bleeding, with the formation of scars and adhesions.
gynecologist
physician who specializes in the study of the female, especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts
intrauterine
pertaining to within the uterus
lumpectomy
surgical removal of a tumor from the breast
mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast
mastectomy
surgical excision of the breast
menarche
beginning of the monthly flow (menses, menstruation)
menopause
Cessation of the monthly flow; also called climacteric
menorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding at the time of a menstrual period, either in number of days or amount of blood or both
-rrhagia
to burst forth
mittelschmerz
abdominal pain that occurs midway between the menstrual periods at ovulation
oligomenorrhea
scanty monthly flow (menses, menstruation)
oogenesis
formation of the ovum
oophorectomy
surgical excision of an ovary
ovulation
process in which an ovum is discharged from the cortex of the ovary
ovulat
little egg
Postcoital
Pertaining to after intercourse
retroversion
process of being turned backward, such as the displacement of the uterus with the cervix pointed forward
salpingooophorectomy
surgical excision of the ovary and fallopian tube
venereal
pertaining to or resulting from sexual intercourse
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix via a colposcope. Abnormal results can indicate cervical or vaginal erosion, tumors, and dysplasia
cordocentesis
examine blood from the fetus to detect fetal abnormalities
nysterosalpinography
x-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a radiopaque substance
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity
lapar/o
abd
papanicolaou (Pap) smear
screening technique to aid in the detection of cervical cancer
TORCH panel
screen for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV)
AB
Abortion
AH
abdominal hysterectomy
D and C
dilation and curettage
FHB
fetal heart beat
hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
IUD
intrauterine device
LH
luteinizing hormone
OB
obstetrics
Pap
Papanicolaou (smear)
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
STDs
sexually transmitted diseases
TSS
Toxic shock syndrome
