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Medical Terminology > Chapter 17: Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, neck

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2
Q

coit/o

A

a coming together

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3
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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4
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

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5
Q

gyneco/o

A

female

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6
Q

hyster/o

A

womb, uterus

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7
Q

men/o

A

month, menses, menstruation

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8
Q

metr/I or metr/o

A

womb, menses, menstruation

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9
Q

o/o

A

ovum, egg

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10
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

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11
Q

pareun/o

A

lying beside, sexual intercourse

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12
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tube

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13
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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14
Q

venere/o

A

sexual intercourse

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15
Q

vers/o

A

turning

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16
Q

uterus

A

provides a place for the nourishment and development of the fetus during pregnancy, contracts powerfully to help push out the fetus during birthing

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17
Q

fallopian tubes

A

serve as ducts to convey the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and to convey spermatozoa from the uterus toward each ovary; also called uterine tubes or oviducts

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18
Q

function of the ovaries

A

produce the ova, female reproductive cells, and are endocrine glands that produce hormones: estrogen and progesterone

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19
Q

vagina

A

female organ of copulation (sexual intercourse), serves as a passageway for the discharge of menstruation and a passageway for the birth of a fetus; it is the musculomembranous tube extending from the vestibule to the uterus

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20
Q

mons pubis

A

provides pad of fatty tissue

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21
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia

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22
Q

labia majora

A

provides two folds of adipose tissue

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23
Q

labia minora

A

lying within the labia majora, encloses the vestibule

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24
Q

vestibule

A

serves as the enterance to the urethra,, the vagina, and two excretory ducts of Barthonlin’s glands

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25
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue that is homologous (similar) to the penis of the male; produces pleasurable sensations

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26
Q

breasts

A

following childbirth, mammary glands produce milk

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27
Q

anteflexion

A

normal position of the uterus

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28
Q

three layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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29
Q

perimetrium

A

outer layer

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30
Q

myometrium

A

muscular middle layer

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31
Q

endometrium

A

the mucuus membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus.

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32
Q

retroversion

A

turned backward with the cervix pointing forward toward the symphysis pubis

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33
Q

retroflexion

A

bent backward at an angle with the cervix usually unchanged from its normal position

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34
Q

anteversion

A

fundus turned forward toward the pubis with the cervix tilted up toward the sacrum/ pg 595

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35
Q

Three layers of the fallopian tubes

A

serosa: outer most layer composed of connective tissue; the muscular layer smooth muscle; mucosa or inner layer containing columnar epithelium.

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36
Q

fertilization

A

the process in which a sperm penetrates an ovum and unites with it

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37
Q

zygote

A

the resulting cell of a single sperm penetrating the ovum

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38
Q

morula

A

when the zygote begins to divide forming a solid mass of cells

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39
Q

embryo

A

stage of development between weeks 2 and 8

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40
Q

blastocyst

A

hollow ball of cells which consists of an outer layer of cells and an inner cell mass

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41
Q

yolk sac

A

is the site of formation of the first red blood cells and the cells that will become ovum and sperm

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42
Q

ovaries

A

almond shaped organs attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament

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43
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

each ovary is attached to the side of the pelvis by these

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44
Q

mesovarium

A

portion of the peritoneal fold that attached the anterior border of each ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament

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45
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which produces the gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH primarily control the functional activity of the ovaries.

A

Follicle-stimulation hormone, and Luteinizing hormone

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46
Q

hymen

A

A fold of mucous membrane, that partially covers the external opening of the vagina. If you have this you are considered a virgin

47
Q

ovulation

A

each month a graafian follicle ruptures on the ovarian cortex, and an ovum discharges in to the pelvic cavity, where it enters the fallopian tube

48
Q

vulva

A

Consists of the Mons pubis, Labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, and clitoris

49
Q

perineum

A

the region bounded by the inferior edges of the pelvis, in the female it is located between the vulva and the anus. This is where an episiotomy is performed

50
Q

breasts

A

mammary glands, alveolar structures consisting of 15-20 grandular tissue lobes separated by the septa of connective tissue

51
Q

prolactin

A

the hormone which is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth

52
Q

colostrum

A

a thin yellowish secretion, is the first milk and contains mainly serum and WBCs

53
Q

oxytocin

A

the hormone that is released by the baby’s suckling that stimulated the uterus to contract and promotes the return of the uterus to its normal nonpregnant size and state

54
Q

menstrual cycle

A

starts at the age of puberty 11-12 yrs old, and ceases at menopause. Menstruation occurs every 21-40 days and has three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase

55
Q

follicular phase

A

menstruation, which marks the first day of the follicular phase and is shedding of the endometrium. The average is 4-5 days

56
Q

ovulatory phase

A

stimulation of estrogen, the ovulatory phase occurs 14 days before menstruation

57
Q

luteal or secretory phase

A

follows ovulation and lasts about 14 days, unless fertilization occurs, and ends just before a menstrual period

58
Q

premenstrual or ischemic time period

A

about 2 days and ends with the occurrence of menstruation

59
Q

Obstetrics (OB)

A

the branch of medicine that pertains to the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods

60
Q

Pregnancy

A

last 40 wks or 280 days, or 3 segments of 3 months called trimesters

61
Q

4 stages of pregnancy

A

Prenatal stage: time between conception and labor Labor: time period during which forceful contractions move the fetus down the birth canal and expel it from the uterus during childbirth; Parturition: childbirth or delivery and Postpartum period: or puerperium 6 wks after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta

62
Q

Labor

A

the process by which forceful contraction move the fetus down the birth canal and expel it from the uterus during childbirth

63
Q

Stages of Labor

A
  1. Dilation 2. Expulsion 3. Placental
64
Q

Newborn assessment

A

Apgar Score: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration

65
Q

adnexa

A

accessory parts of a structure; adnexa uteri refers to the ovaries and fallopian tubes

66
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of monthly flow

67
Q

colposcope

A

medical instrument to examine the vagina and cervix by means of a magnifying lens

68
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina

69
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

difficult or painful monthly flow (menses or menstruation)

70
Q

dyspareunia

A

difficult or painful sexual intercourse (copulation)

71
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

when a pregnancy the occurs when the fertilized egg is implanted in one of the various sites, the most common being the fallopian tube. It is best to abort this kind of pregnancy rather then to wait for it to abort itself.

72
Q

The release of FSH and LH has to happen before ovulation can occur

A

Yeah!

73
Q

The corpus luteum is producing progesterone until fertilization takes place, then the placenta produces it.

A

Yeah!

74
Q

Stages of fetal growth

A

fertilization, weeks 1-2 conceptus, weeks-3-8 embryo, weeks 9-12 fetus

75
Q

endometriosis

A

Pathological condition in which endometrial tissue has been displaced to various sites in the abdominal or pelvic cavity. Because it is outside the uterus and cannot cast off each month, the tissue causes bleeding, with the formation of scars and adhesions.

76
Q

gynecologist

A

physician who specializes in the study of the female, especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts

77
Q

intrauterine

A

pertaining to within the uterus

78
Q

lumpectomy

A

surgical removal of a tumor from the breast

79
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of the breast

80
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical excision of the breast

81
Q

menarche

A

beginning of the monthly flow (menses, menstruation)

82
Q

menopause

A

Cessation of the monthly flow; also called climacteric

83
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive uterine bleeding at the time of a menstrual period, either in number of days or amount of blood or both

84
Q

-rrhagia

A

to burst forth

85
Q

mittelschmerz

A

abdominal pain that occurs midway between the menstrual periods at ovulation

86
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty monthly flow (menses, menstruation)

87
Q

oogenesis

A

formation of the ovum

88
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical excision of an ovary

89
Q

ovulation

A

process in which an ovum is discharged from the cortex of the ovary

90
Q

ovulat

A

little egg

91
Q

Postcoital

A

Pertaining to after intercourse

92
Q

retroversion

A

process of being turned backward, such as the displacement of the uterus with the cervix pointed forward

93
Q

salpingooophorectomy

A

surgical excision of the ovary and fallopian tube

94
Q

venereal

A

pertaining to or resulting from sexual intercourse

95
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina and cervix via a colposcope. Abnormal results can indicate cervical or vaginal erosion, tumors, and dysplasia

96
Q

cordocentesis

A

examine blood from the fetus to detect fetal abnormalities

97
Q

nysterosalpinography

A

x-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a radiopaque substance

98
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

99
Q

lapar/o

A

abd

100
Q

papanicolaou (Pap) smear

A

screening technique to aid in the detection of cervical cancer

101
Q

TORCH panel

A

screen for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV)

102
Q

AB

A

Abortion

103
Q

AH

A

abdominal hysterectomy

104
Q

D and C

A

dilation and curettage

105
Q

FHB

A

fetal heart beat

106
Q

hCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

107
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

108
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

109
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

110
Q

Pap

A

Papanicolaou (smear)

111
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

112
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

113
Q

STDs

A

sexually transmitted diseases

114
Q

TSS

A

Toxic shock syndrome

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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