Chapter 12: Urinary System Flashcards
albumin/o
Protein, plasma
col/o
Colon
corpor/e
Body
*cyst/o
Bladder
*excret/o
Sifted out
glomerul/o
Glomerulus, little ball
glycos/o
Glucose, sugar
keton/o
Ketone
*lith/o
Stone;breakdown of fats and sugars
*meat/o
Passage, opening
*micturit/o
To urinate
*perine/o
Perineum, episiotomy
*periton/e
Peritoneum
*pyel/o
Renal pelvis
*ren/o
Kidney
ur/o
Urine, urinate, urination
ureter/o
Ureter
urethr/o
Urethra
urin/o
Urine
Urinary System
Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, and one bladder
Kidneys
They produce urine and help to regulate and control body fluids. Purplish-brown, bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal area) on either side of the spine between the thoracic vertebrae and the lumbar region.
Ureters
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urinary bladder
It is the muscular, membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine. 700-800 mL
Renal fascia
Is a sheath of fibrous tissue that helps to anchor the kidney to the surrounding structures and helps to maintain its normal position.
Nephron
The vital function is to regulate, control, and then remove the waste products of metabolism from the blood plasma. I million nephrons are in the kidney.
Renal corpuscle
Consists of a glomerulus and a Bowman’s capsule.
Glomerulus
The tuft of blood vessels that is surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule.
Bowman’s capsule
A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
hilum
The notch in the centre of the concave border of the kidney. The renal artery and vein, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave through the hilum.
Cross-section of the kidney
Consists of cortex, or outer layer, and the medulla, which is the inner layer.
Medulla
This is composed of the renal pyramids, conelike masses with papillae projecting into the calyces of the pelvis.
ureter
Narrow, muscular tubes that drain urine from the kidneys into the bladder.
trigone
The small triangular area near the base of the bladder between the openings of the two ureters and the opening of the urethra.
Urethra
The musculomembranous tube extending from the bladder to the outside off the body.
Urinary meatus
The external urinary opening
Urine formation
By the process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Common in children, symptoms include fever, wt. loss, nausea, and vomiting, increased urination, foul-smelling urine, persistent diaper rash, and failure to thrive. Older children have the same sym. with frequent urination, hematuria, bed-wetting episodes.
Urge incontinence
Inability to retain urine volume, it is the leakage of urine due to bladder muscles that contract inappropriately.
Catheterization
The process of introducing a catheter through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine
Albuminuria
Protein in the urine, may indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane
Antidiuretic
Pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion.
Auria
Without the formation of urine, lack of urine production
Calciuria
Calcium in the urine
Calculus
Pebble, any abnormal concert ion, plural calculi
Cystocele
Hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
Cystodynia/cystalgia
Pain in the bladder
Cystogram
X-ray record of the bladder.
Cystolithectomy
Surgical excision of a stone from the bladder.
Dialysis
Medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte,and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of,the kidney.
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination
Enuresis
Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bed wetting.
Excretory
Pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (ESWL)
Medical device used to crush kidney stones.
-triptor
Device
Hemodialysis (HD)
Use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood.
Hydronephrosis
Pathological condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow, forming distension and damage to the kidney. Can be caused by renal calculi, tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland.
Incontinence
Inability to hold or control urination or defecation.
Lithotripsy
Crushing of a kidney stone.
Meatotomy
Incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening.
Meatus
Opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra.
Micturition
Urination
Nephroma
Kidney tumor
Nephron
Basic structural functional unit of the kidney.
Nephrosclerosis
Condition of hardening of the kidney.
Nocturia
Urination during the night.
Oliguria
Scanty, decreased amount of urine.
Peritoneal dialysis
Separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis.
Polyuria
Excessive secretion and discharge of urine.
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
Renal failure
Pathological failure of the kidney to function.
Renin
Enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone.
Stricture
Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra.
Trigonitis
Inflammation of the trigone of the bladder. More common in women there is no solid treatment
Uremia
Excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood. Associated with end-stage renal failure.
Urgency
Sudden need to void, urinate
Urinalysis (UA)
Analysis of urine; separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements
Urine
Fluid secreted by the kidneys
Urobilin
Brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air
Urochrome
Pigment that gives urine the normal yellow color.
Urologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the urinary system.
Urology
The study of the urinary system
Void
To empty the bladder
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test to determine the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys. Abnormal results indicate renal dysfunction.
Culture, urine
Urine test to determine the presence of micro organisms. Abnormal results indicate urinary tract infection.
Cystoscopy
Visual examination of the bladder and urethra via a lighted cystoscope.
Intravenous pyelography (pyelogram)(IVP)
Test to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. A raidopaque substance is intravenously injected, and x-rays are taken. Abnormal results can indicate renal calculus, kidney or bladder tumours, and kidney disease.
Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
With the patient supine a flat plate x-Ray is taken of the abdomen to indicate the size and position of the kidney, ureters, and bladder.
Retrograde pyelography (RP)
X-ray recording of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder following the injection of a contrast medium backward through a urinary catheter into the ureters. Useful in locating urinary stones and obstructions.
ARF
Acute renal failure
BUN
Blood, urea, nitrogen
CRF
Chronic renal failure
ESRD
End-stage renal disease
GU
Genitourinary
HD
Hemodialysis
H2O
Water
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram
K
Potassium
KUB
Kidney,ureter,bladder
LOC
Level of consciousness.
NH3
Ammonia
PD
Peritoneal dialysis
UA
Urinalysis
UTI
Urinary tract infection
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
Renal arteries
Supply oxygenated blood to the kidney
Renal veins
Take deoxygenated blood away from the kidney
Three steps of urine formation
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion/excretion
Three polys of diabetics
Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria
