Chapter 6: Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
acetabul/o
A
Acetabulum
2
Q
acr/o
A
extremity
3
Q
ankyl/o
A
Stiffening, crooked
4
Q
burs/o
A
A pouch
5
Q
calcan/e
A
Heel bone
6
Q
carcin/o
A
Cancer
7
Q
carp/o
A
Wrist
8
Q
cartilagin/o
A
Cartilage
9
Q
chondr/o
A
Cartilage
10
Q
clavicul/o
A
Clavicle, collarbone
11
Q
coccyg/e or coccyg/o
A
Coccyx, tailbone
12
Q
coll/a
A
Glue
13
Q
cost/o
A
Rib
14
Q
crani/o
A
Skull
15
Q
dactyl/o
A
Finger or toe
16
Q
femor/o
A
Femur
17
Q
fibul/o
A
Fibula
18
Q
fixat/o
A
Fastened
19
Q
humer/o
A
Humerus
20
Q
ili/o
A
Illium
21
Q
isch/I
A
Ischium, hip
22
Q
kyph/o
A
A hump
23
Q
lamin/o
A
Lamina (thin plate)
24
Q
lord/o
A
Bending, curve, swayback
25
lumb/o
Loin, lower back
26
mandibul/o
Lower jawbone
27
maxill/o
Jawbone
28
menisc/i
Crescent
29
myel/o
Bone
30
oste/o
Bone
31
patell/o
Kneecap
32
ped/o
Foot
33
phalang/e
Phalanges
34
rach/I
Spine
35
rad/i
Radius
36
rheumat/o
Discharge
37
radi/o
X-ray
38
sacr/o
Sacrum
39
sarc/o
Flesh
40
scapul/o
Shoulder blade
41
scoli/o
Curvature
42
spin/o
Spine
43
spondyl/o
Vertebra
44
stern/o
Sternum, breastbone
45
tendon/o
Tendon
46
tibi/o
Tibia
47
tract/o
To draw
48
uln/o
Ulna, elbow
49
vertebr/o
Vertebra
50
xiph/o
Sword
51
The human skeleton is made up of how many bones?
206
52
What are the primary functions of bones?
Primary organs of the skeletal system. Composed of 50% water and 50% solid matter.
Provide shape, support, and the framework of the body.
Provide protection for internal organs.
Play an important role in the formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
Provide areas for the attachment of skeletal muscles.
Help make movement possible through articulation.
53
Primary function of cartilage?
Forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton and part of the skeleton in adults.
54
Primary function of tendons?
Attach muscles to bones, consist of connective tissue.
55
Ligaments (lig)
Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones, cartilage, and other structures; also serve as a place for attachment of fascia.
56
Osseous tissue
The solid matter in bones that is calcified and rigid.
57
Matrix
The intracellular substance of bone that makes up the osteosarcoma tissue.
58
What are the classifications of bones?
Flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid, sutural or wormian.
59
Flat bones
Ribs, scapula parts of the pelvic girdle, bones of the skull.
60
Long bones
Tibia, femur, humerous, radius
61
Short bones
Carpals, tarsals
62
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, ossicles of the ear.
63
Sesamoid bones
Patella
64
Sutural or Wormian
Between the flat bones of the skull.
65
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells
66
Endochondral ossification
The process where bone cells deposit organic substances in the spaces vacated by cartilage to form bone matrix.
67
Epiphysis
The ends of developing bone.
68
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone.
69
Periosteum
The fibrous vascular membrane that forms the covering of bones except at their articular surfaces.
70
Compact bone
The dense, hard layer of bone tissue.
71
Medullary canal
The narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis.
72
Endosteum
A tough, connective tissue membrane lining the medullary canal and containing the bone marrow.
73
Cancellous or spongy bone
The reticular network that makes up most of the volume of bone.
74
Epiphyseal plate
Also known as the growth plate or physics. It is a thin disc of hyaline cartilage positioned between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Once growth is complete this becomes the epiphyseal line.
75
Joint (jt)
Is the place where two or more bones connect.
76
The three classifications of joints?
Synarthrosis (fibrous), amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous), and diarthrosis (synovial)
77
Synarthrosis (fibrous)
Does not permit movement. The bones are in close contact with each other, but there is no joint activity. Ex. Cranial suture
78
Amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
Permits very slight movement. Ex. Vertebra
79
Diarthrosis (synovial)
Allows free movement in a variety of directions. Ex. Knee, hip, elbow, wrist, foot.
80
Flexion
Bending a limb.
81
Extension
Straightening a flexed limb.
82
Circumduction
Moving a body part in a circular motion.
83
Abduction
Moving a body part away from the middle.
84
Adduction
Moving a body part toward the middle.
85
Protraction
Moving a body part forward.
86
Retraction
Moving a body part backward.
87
Dorsiflexion
Bending a body part backward.
88
Plantarflexion
Moving a body part away from you
89
Pronation
Lying face downward, also turning the palm downward.
90
Supination
Lying face upward and also turning the palm or foot upward.
91
Cervical curve
Consists of the first 7 vertebrae.
92
Thoracic curve
Consists of the next 12 vertebrae.
93
Lumbar curve
Consists of the next 5 vertebrae.
94
Sacral curve
Consists of the sacrum and coccyx.
95
Lumbar lordosis
This happens in children who are beginning to walk and have a pot-bellied stance. A posture that usually disappears around age 5.
96
Pelvic differences.
A male pelvis (android) has a more narrow outlet than a female pelvis (gynecoid), due to a male not giving birth. The male pelvis is shaped like a funnel and a female more like a basin.
97
Closed or simple fracture
A completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin.
98
Open or compound fracture
The fracture projects through the skin and there is a possibility of infection or hemorrhage.
99
Greenstick fracture
Only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other side is bent. This usually occurs in children whose long bones have not fully ossified.
100
Colles' fracture
A break in the distal portion of the radius. Often a result of reaching out to cushion a fall.
101
Pott's fracture
Occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg. (fibula and tibia)
102
Ankylosis
Abnormal condition of stiffening of the joint.
103
Arthralgia
Joint pain
104
Arthrocentesis
Surgical procedure to remove joint fluid; may be used as a diagnostic tool or as part of a treatment plan
105
Arthroscope
Surgical instrument used to examine the interior of a joint.
106
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa.
107
Calcaneal
Pertaining to the heel bone.
108
Carpal
Pertaining to the wrist bones. There are two rows of four bones for a total of eight wrist bones.
109
Carpel tunnel syndrome
Abnormal condition caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament due to injury or trauma to the area.
110
Cartilage
Specialized type of fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bone. Forms the major portions of the embryonic skeleton before birth.
111
Chondral
Pertaining to cartilage.
112
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the coccyx or tail bone.
113
Costal
Pertaining to the rib.
114
Dactylogram
Medical term for fingerprint.
115
Fixation
Process of holding or fastening in a fixed position; making rigid, immobilizing.
116
Genu valgum
Medical term for knock-knee.
117
Gout
Hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, which is marked by joint inflammation. It is caused by hyperuricemia. (Excessive amounts of uric acid in the blood and deposits of urates of sodium) in and around the joints. It usually affect the great toe first, but can be seen in the finger, knee, elbow or foot joints.
118
Hallux
Medical term for the big or great toe.
119
Intercostals
Pertaining to the space between two ribs.
120
Kyphosis
Condition in which the normal thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated, producing a "humpback" appearance.
121
Ligament (lig)
Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones, cartilage, and other structures; also serves as a place for the attachment of fascia.
122
Lordosis
An abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. This is referred to as swayback because the abdomen and buttocks protrude due to an exaggerated lumbar curvature.
123
Mandibular
Pertaining to the lower jawbone.
124
Meniscus
Crescent-shaped interarticular fibrocartilage structure found in certain joints, especially the lateral and medial menisci of the knee joint.
125
Olecranal
Pertaining to the elbow.
126
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Inflammation of the bone and joint.
127
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cell
128
Osteogenesis
Formation of bone.
129
Osteomalacia
Softening of bones
130
Osteoporosis
Abnormal condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bones, decreasing their strength and causing fragile bones, which can result in fractures.
131
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumour of the bone; cancer arising from connective tissue.
132
Phalangeal
Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and the toes.
133
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling, which results in crippling deformities.
134
Rickets
Abnormal condition that can occur in children and is caused by a lack of vitamin D.
135
Scapular
Pertaining to the shoulder blade.
136
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
137
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendon.
138
Traction (Tx)
Process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement and facilitate healing.
139
Xiphoid
Literally means resembling a sword. The lowest portion of the sternum.
140
Arthrography
Diagnostic examination of a joint, usually a knee in which air and then a raidiopaque contrast medium are injected into a joint space, x-rays are taken and internal injuries of the meniscus, cartilage, and ligaments can be seen.
141
Arthroscopy
Process of examining internal structures of a joint via an arthroscope, usually done after an arthrography and before joint surgey.
142
Dual-energy x-Ray absorptiometry scan (DXA)
Test used to measure bone mass or bone mineral density; used for diagnosing osteoporosis
143
Goniometry
Measurement of joint movements, especially ROM and angles via a goniometer.
144
Thermography
Process of recording heat patterns of a body's surface; can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
145
Bone mineral density test (BMD)
Test used to measure bone mass or bone mineral density.
146
Uric acid blood test
Uric acid is increased in gout, arthritis, multiple myeloma, and rheumatism.
147
ANA
Antinuclear antibodies
148
BMD
Bone mineral density test
149
Ca
Calcium
150
Fx
Fracture
151
JRA
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
152
jt
Joint
153
KJ
Knee jerk
154
lig
Ligament
155
NSAIDs
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
156
OA
Osteoarthritis
157
PWB
Partial weight bearing
158
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
159
ROM
Range of motion
160
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint
161
Tx
Traction
162
Condyle
Rounded projection that enters into the formation of a joint, articulation. Ex. Shoulder
163
Foramen
Opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves. Ex. Pelvic bone
164
Sinus
Air cavity within certain bones
165
Trochanter
Either of the two bony projections below the neck of the femur.
