Characteristics of life Flashcards
what are organisms
things that have all the characteristics of life
what are living things organized by
by cells that each have special structures and functions
what what multicellular mean
and organism made up of more than 1 and contains different types of cells that each have a particular function.
what does unicellular mean
and organism make up of more than one cell
how are multicellular organisms more complex than unicelluar
multicellular have a greater level of organization
what does grow mean
to get larger
how does a unicellular organism grow
the cell itself grows
how does a multicellular organism grow
the number of cells increase
what does to develop mean
develop refers to the changes in the organism over its lifetime
what is an example of development
a tadpole changing into a frog
what is reproduction
the process by which one organism makes 1 or more new organisms. Ensures survival of species.
what does response to stimuli mean
changes that you make in response to something
what is internal stimuli and whats an example
things that happen within an organism. ex: feeling Hungary and looking for food
what is external stimuli and whats an example
changes in the environment that cause and organism to change. ex: light or temp.
where do plants tend to grow toward
the light source
what happens to the amount of blood flowing to a certain area as temp changes
it will change
what is homeostasis
an organisms ability to maintain steady internal condition when outside conditions change
what could happen to an animal if it didn’t have homeostasis
the animal could get sick or die
what is methed of regulation
the body’s responses to deal with changes in the enviorment
what are examples of methed of regulation
temp changes - shiver, sweat, blood flow.
is there a limit to the amount of regulation that can occur within an organism
yes
what do all organisms need to survive for all processes
energy
where does energy originate from
the sun
what is the process called where living creatures trace their energy back to the sun
the food weeb
what was the name of one of the first people to classify organisms
Aristotle
what was Aristotle’s 2 brad categories
plants and animals
how did Aristotle break down his categories
by similar structures or characteristics
what is the sentence for the current classification of animals
Dear King Philip Called Out For Good Soup
what does, Dear King Philip Called Out For Good Soup, mean
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species with subcategories. With each one becoming more specific
what are systematics
current classification system using all info known about the organism
what is the info that we use to classify organisms
cell type, structures, habitat, DNA, evidence, common ancestry, food and energy
what is Taxonomy
the branch of science concerned with the classification of organisms
what are the 3 domains that divide all organisms
bateria, Archea, Eukarya
what is the bacteria domain
simple cell organisms
what is the Archea domain
single celled organisms with special structures that live in extreme conditions
what is the Eukarya domain
single or multi celled organisms that have a nucleus
what are kingdoms
smaller divisons of domains
which domains only have 1 kingdom
bacteria and archaea
how many kingdoms does Eukarya have
4 kingdoms
what are the 4 Eukarys kingdoms
Fungi, Plante, Protis, scientific names
what is a nucleus
the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes
what is the Fungi kingdom about
single or multi celled organisms that absorbs food
what is the Plante kingdom about
multi celled organisms that take in food
what is the Protis kingdom about
single celled organisms that are more complex than those organisms of the Bacteria and Archea domains
who originated the naming system for organisms
Carol Linnaeus, a sweetish physician in the 1700s
what is biomedical nomenclature
a 2 word scientific name for every organism consisting of its genus and species
what is species
a group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring
what is a genus
groups of similar species
why is using scientific names usful
it permits anyone in the world to use the same name for all organisms, makes communication easier
what are some classification tools
dichotomous key (the thing we did a lab on)
AHAHGAGGAHA
fart
what are cladograms
branched diagram that shows the relationship among organisms, including common ancestry
what does a cladogram look like
a brached diagram with each brach leading to a new characteristic and all organisms to the right of the branch that show that characteristic
what does using a microscope enable
people to see details of living things that they could’t see otherwise
who made the first simple microscope and what did he discover
Robert Hook 1600s english scientist discovered cells
who made improvements to the microscope after Robert Hook
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch merchant
what do all microscopes do
magnify objects and have a resulution
what does magnification mean
makes an object appear larger than it really is
what does resolution mean
how clearly the magnified objects can be seen
how do light microscopes work
use a light source and lenses to enlarge the image of an object
how does a simple light microscope work
has one lens to create an enlarge image
how does a compound light microscope work
has 2 or more lenses to crate the image, each lense make the image larger, has a greater magnification than the simple microscope
how do you determine how many times an object is magnified over its actual size
multiply the power if the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens
what is the maximum magnification
is 1500x the actual size
how does an electron microscope work
uses a magnetic field to pass through a beam of electrons to or through the object
does a light microscope or a electron microscope have a greater magnification ability
the electron microscope has a greater magnification ability than the light microscope - up to 100,000x. The electron microscope has a greater resulution
why can’t a transmission electron microscope (TEM) test on alive objects
because the objects are mounted in plastic and sliced thin
how does a transmission electron microscope work (TEM)
an electron beam is passed through the specimen
How does a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) work
elecrtrons are bounced off the surface to create a 3d image ob the object
how does health care use microscopes
to diagnose problems and in surgery to give the doctor a greater detail of the area
how do forensic scientists use microscopes
they study evidence from crime scenes
how do anthropologists use microscopes
they study fossils
how do commercial industries and the jewelry industry use microscopes
can look at impurities of a product or quality of a stone
