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Chapter 21 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the solar system

A

the sun and the group of objects that move around it

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2
Q

what does planet literally mean

A

wanderers

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3
Q

where are most things that humans on earth can see in the night sky

A

outside our solar system

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4
Q

what is the closet star to earth named

A

the Sun

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5
Q

what is the largest object in our solar system

A

the Sun

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6
Q

how many times larger is the sun than the largest planet in our solar system

A

10 times larger

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7
Q

what is the sun mostly made up of

A

hydrogen

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8
Q

what does the sun use to create energy

A

nuclear fusion

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9
Q

what does the sun provide

A

light and a gravational pull to keep the planets in orbit around it

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10
Q

what qualities does a planet have to have to be considered a planet

A

must orbit the sun and have a nearly spherical shape

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11
Q

how many planets do we have

A

8

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12
Q

what are the inner planets (4 closest planets to the sun) and what are they mostly made of.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Mostly made of solid rock

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13
Q

what are the outer planets (4 farthest planets from the sun)

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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14
Q

what are the outer planets made of

A

they are gas giants

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15
Q

what is a dwarf planet

A

a spherical object that orbits the sun, but dosent have a greater mass than objects nearby it.

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16
Q

what are dwarf planets made of

A

rock and ice and these planets are very small

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17
Q

what are the names of some dwarf planets

A

Ceres, Eris, Pluto, Makemake

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18
Q

what are astroids

A

small, rocky, non-spherical objects that orbit the sun in a belt between mars and jupiter

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19
Q

what sizes are astroids

A

range in sizes from a meter to hundreds of meters

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20
Q

what are comets made of

A

gas, dust and ice

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21
Q

what shape are comets orbits

A

long ovals

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22
Q

where do comets come from

A

outer parts of the solar system

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23
Q

what is an astronomical unit

A

is the average distance from earth to the sun (like the Will measurement that we did in class)

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24
Q

what is the distance from earth to the sun

A

~150 km

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25
Q

what is the period of revolution

A

the time it takes the objet to travel one around the sun

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26
Q

what is revolution

A

an objet spinning around another

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27
Q

what is the period of rotation

A

the time it takes an object to complete one spin on its own axis

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28
Q

what was the idea of where earth was in the beginning

A

a geocentric solar system. The earth is at the center of the solar system and everything revolved around it in circular parts

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29
Q

what is the reversed idea of geocentric (the true idea)

A

the sun is the center of the solar system, heliocentric

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30
Q

what shape are orbits

A

elliptical (Oval)

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31
Q

what happens to a planet’s speed when it is closer to the sun

A

it’s speed increases

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32
Q

what does the mass of a planet have to be greater than

A

than the objects orbiting it

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33
Q

what are four inner planets made of and look like

A

they are small, dense, and have rocky surfaces

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34
Q

what does terrestrial mean

A

earth

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35
Q

what planets are terrestrail

A

the 4 inner planets

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36
Q

what are the 3 main layers of earth

A

crust, mantle and core

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37
Q

what is the only planet in the solar system with liquid water at its surface

A

earth

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38
Q

what can earth’s gravity also support

A

an atmosphere made of gases

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39
Q

what is the only planet with an oxogen rich atmosphere to support life

A

earth

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40
Q

what is the smallest terrestrial planet

A

mercury

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41
Q

what is mercury the size of

A

earth’s moon

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42
Q

what is the closest planet to the sun

A

mercury

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43
Q

how many moons does mercury have

A

none

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44
Q

what was the spaceship called that provided us most of what we know about mercury

A

mariner 10

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45
Q

why does mercury have no atmosphere

A

due to little gravity

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46
Q

what temperature usually is mercury

A

450C to 170C

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47
Q

what does mercury surface look like

A

craters, plains and no erosion

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48
Q

what are the craters on mercury caused by

A

from impacts

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49
Q

what were mercurys pains formed by

A

hardened lava

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50
Q

what is mercurys core made of

A

iorn and nickel

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51
Q

what is mercurys mantle made of

A

sillicon and oxogen

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52
Q

what is mercurys crust made of

A

rock

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53
Q

what planet is “Earth’s twin”

A

venus

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54
Q

why is, venus, earth’s “twin”

A

due to similar mass and size

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55
Q

does venus rotate on its axis slow or fast

A

very slowly

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56
Q

does venus rotate or revolve slower

A

rotates

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57
Q

what is different about venus’ rotation

A

rotates opposite of other planets. Venus rotates east-west

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58
Q

what planet is called “the red planet”

A

mars

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59
Q

why is mars called “The red planet”

A

due to Iron - rich rock

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60
Q

how big is mars compared to earth

A

mars is 1/2 the size of earth

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61
Q

how many moons does mars have

A

2 moons

62
Q

what is 95% of mars’ atmosphere made up of

A

CO2

63
Q

does mars have a lot or few clouds

A

few clouds

64
Q

what is an ice cap

A

search it up

65
Q

does mars have ice cap, if so what are they made of

A

yes, frozen CO2 and ice

66
Q

why does mars have seasons

A

because of the tilt oof its axis

67
Q

what has landed on mars to obtain soil samples

A

probs

68
Q

what have probs landing on mars shown evidence of

A

liquid water once being present

69
Q

does mars have any volconoes or water flows

A

yes, both

70
Q

what is the largest volcano/mountain in the solar system located and what is it called

A

on mars, it is called olympus mons

71
Q

what concepts does it take to create a gas giant

A

uses the concepts of temperature and pressure

71
Q

what are gas giants primarily made of

A

hydrogen and helium

72
Q

why do gas giants have a strong gravitational force

A

due to large mass

73
Q

why do gas giant have great atmospheric pressure

A

because of their gravitational force

74
Q

what is one thing that all gas giants have

A

a ring system

74
Q

what is the structure of a gas giant look like

A

thick gas and a liquid layer surrounding a small, solid core

75
Q

what is the largest planet in our solar system

A

jupiter

76
Q

how many times greater is Jupiter’s’ diameter than earth’s

A

11x

77
Q

how big is Jupiter’s mass

A

it is bigger than 2x all the other planets combined

78
Q

how long does it take for jupiter to complete one orbit / revolution

A

12 years

79
Q

how long does it take for jupiter to complete one rotation (fastest planet)

A

less than 10 hours

80
Q

what 90% and 10% of earth’s atmosphere

A

90% hydrogen and 10% helium

81
Q

how many km deep is earth’s atmosphere

A

1000

82
Q

how long has jupiter great red spot been ongoing

A

400 years

83
Q

what are the layers of jupiter

A

gas layer, the liquid layer surrounding a core

84
Q

what is Jupiters core made of and how big is it

A

rock and iron at least the size of the earth

85
Q

what is revolution

A

the motion of one object around anothor object

86
Q

what is rotation

A

a planet spinning about its own axis

87
Q

how many moons does the book say jupiter have

A

63

88
Q

what is the most recent number of moons found near jupiter

A

85-90

89
Q

what are Jupiters largest moons

A

Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto

90
Q

what are Galilean moons

A

moons found by Galileo

91
Q

which of jupiters moons is most likely to support life and why

A

Europa, because of liquid water and the amount of the sun’s radiation

92
Q

how dense is saturn

A

less dense than water

93
Q

does saturn rotate slow or rapidly

A

rapidly

94
Q

what is Saturn mostly made of

A

hydrogen and helium

95
Q

how many bends of rings does saturn have

A

7

96
Q

Saturn’s rings are wide but thin. How thick are these rings

A

only 30 m thick

97
Q

according to the book, how many moons does saturn have

A

60

98
Q

what is the most recent count of how many moons saturn has

A

124 moons

99
Q

what is saturn’s largest moon called

A

Titan

100
Q

how big is Titan (Saturn’s largest moon)

A

the size of mercury

101
Q

what have we discovered about Titan from sending space probs there

A

that it is the closest possible destination that could support humans living there

102
Q

what is Titans atmosphere like

A

a thick atmosphere

103
Q

does Titan have liquid on it

A

yes

104
Q

what is Urnas’ atmosphere made of

A

hydrogen, helium and methane

105
Q

what is different about Uranus’ rotation

A

it spins on its side (like a ball)

106
Q

Uranus has a slushy layer in the atmosphere made of what?

A

water and ammonia

107
Q

what was the name of the probe that explored uranus

A

voyager 2

108
Q

what is Saturn’s structure like

A

same basic structure (gas, liquid layer, solid core)

109
Q

why is Urnas’ axis tilted

A

probably caused by a collision with a large object

110
Q

how many moons do urnas have

A

27

111
Q

how was Uranus discovered

A

by accident by William Hershal in 1781. It was predicted by the unusual wobble in Neptune’s orbit. The 1st new planet found since ancient times.

112
Q

what is Neptune’s structure like

A

same structre as urnas

113
Q

how many moons does neptune have

A

13

114
Q

do all gas giants in the solar system have a ring system

A

yes

115
Q

what is Neptune’s largest moon called and what is it made of

A

Triton, made of rock and ice

116
Q

Neptunes’s moon, Triton has geysers, what erupts from these geysers

A

ntrogen gas

117
Q

what is a dwarf planet

A

an object that orbits the sun, has enough mass and gravity to form a sphere, and has objects in similar mass orbiting near it.

118
Q

what does the dwarf planet, Ceres orbit, and where

A

orbits the sun in an asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter

119
Q

how big is the moon compared to Ceres

A

ceres is about 1/4 the size of the moon

120
Q

what is the smallest dwarf planet

A

ceres

121
Q

how big is the moon compared to Ceres

A

2/3 the size of the moon

122
Q

Since Pluto is so far from the moon, it takes a long time to make revolve 1 time, how long does it take to revolve 1 time?

A

250 years

123
Q

what is pluto covered in

A

frozen nitrogen -230 C

124
Q

how many moons does Pluto have and what are their names

A

3, Charon, Hydra, Nix

125
Q

what is the largest dwarf planet

A

Eris

126
Q

how many moons does Eris have

A

1 moon

127
Q

how many times farther from the sun is Eris than Pluto

A

3x further

128
Q

what are the two dwarf planets located in the Kuiper belt named

A

Makemake and Haumea

129
Q

what are asteroids made of

A

large chucks of rocks and ice

130
Q

where are most asteroids located

A

in the asteroid belt between Mars and jupiter

131
Q

how many asteroids are there

A

hundreds of thousands

132
Q

what are asteroids believed to be

A

to be object left over from the formation of the solar system

133
Q

what is the theory on how the asteroid belt could have been developed

A

the asteroid belt could have been developed into a planet, but due to the strong gravitational pull of Jupiter, it never formed.

134
Q

what are comet made of

A

mixtures of rock and ice and dust held together by gravitational attraction between the particals

135
Q

what shape are comet’s orbits

A

long elliptical orbits

136
Q

what are a comet’s 2 main parts

A

the solid, leading part called the nucleus and the tail

137
Q

what is a nucleus on a comet

A

is the solid, leading part of the comet

138
Q

what happens to the nucleus part of the comet as it picks up heat from the sun

A

it develops a glow - known as the coma

139
Q

in a comet, from earth why do we see a glowing tail trailing behind

A

as the tail picks up hear, some ice particles change into gas, which we see as a glowing tail

140
Q

which way does the tail of the comet alway point

A

away from the sun

141
Q

how long do short period comets take to orbit the sun

A

200 yeas

142
Q

where do most short period comets come from

A

from the kuiper belt

143
Q

how long does it take for long period comets to orbit the sun

A

can take millions of years

144
Q

where do long period comets originate from

A

originate in the oort cloud at the edge of our solar system

145
Q

what are meteroids

A

small, rocky particle that moves through space. Most are only the size of a grain of sand

146
Q

what happens to meteoroids as they enter earth’s atmosphere

A

they glow and usually burn up

147
Q

what does a meteoroid turn into after they glow and burn up

A

a meteor

148
Q

what is a meteoroid called when it dosen’t glow and burn up

A

meteorites

149
Q

what can meteorites cause

A

impact craters

150
Q

what is an impact crater

A

a round depression left by the impact of a meteroite

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