Chapter 18 - Control and coordination

Question 1

What are some functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

receiving information, responding to information, and maintaining homeostasis.

Question 2

how quick is the nervous systems response time

Answer 2

less than 1 sec

Question 3

why is receiving information helpful

Answer 3

permits you to be aware of what is happening in the world around you

Question 4

what does your nervous system monitor

Answer 4

conditions inside your body, like glucose level, body temperature, and dehydration

Question 5

what is stimulus

Answer 5

response, a change or signal in the environment to make an organism react

Question 6

what is a response

Answer 6

what the body does in reaction to the stimulus (can be voluntary or involuntary)

Question 7

what does voluntary mean and what is an example

Answer 7

under your control. Ex: swatting at a fly

Question 8

what does involuntary mean and what is an example

Answer 8

not under conscious. Ex: heart rate, breathing

Question 9

what are neurons also called

Answer 9

nerve cell

Question 10

what is a neuron (nerve cell)

Answer 10

the basic functioning units of the nervous sytem.

Question 11

what do neurons help your body do

Answer 11

help your body communicate with each other

Question 12

what are the types of neurons

Answer 12

sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

Question 13

what do sensory neurons do

Answer 13

pick up stimuli and converts it into a nerve impulse

Question 14

what are the two types of sensory neurons

Answer 14

inside (Hungary message) or outside (cold message)

Question 15

what do interneurons do

Answer 15

carries nerve impulses from one neruron to another

Question 16

where does the interneurons usually end

Answer 16

ends in the brain or spinal cord

Question 17

what do motor neurons do

Answer 17

sends an impulse to a muscle or gland that then reacts in response

Question 18

what is the structure of a neuron like

Answer 18

GO LOOK AT A PICTURE IN THE BOOK OR IF THERE ISNT ONE GO SEARCH IT UP

Question 19

WHAT DOES A DENDRITE DO

Answer 19

picks up a signal from the environment or another neuron

Question 20

what does a cell body contain

Answer 20

contains the nucleus and other necessary cell parts for growth and devolpment

Question 21

what is an axon

Answer 21

a nerve impulse that carries the message away from the cell body

Question 22

what do terminal bulbs/axon tips do

Answer 22

carries the message from one nerve cell to the next nerve cell or to terminal

Question 23

what are axons and dendrites also called

Answer 23

nerve fibers

Question 24

what is a nerve

Answer 24

is a bundle of nerve fibers

Question 25

within each neuron, where does the impulse begin

Answer 25

at the dendrite

Question 26

within each neuron, what happenes after the impulse

Answer 26

it moves toward the cell body, then down the axon until it reaches the axon tip

Question 27

to travel across the synapse what does the axon tip release

Answer 27

releases chemicals that carry the impulse along

Question 28

where does the impulse begin

Answer 28

at a receptor that picks up the stimuli from the environment. The receptors trigger nerve impulse in sensory neurons

Question 29

what is an example of receptors triggering nerve impulses in sensory neurons

Answer 29

your hand touching a hot stove

Question 30

where does the impulse pass to

Answer 30

passes to the interneurons in the brain where the brain interprets the impulse and makes decisions about what to do

Question 31

what is an example of the impulsw pasisng to the interneurons in the brain where the brain interperets the impulse and makes a decision

Answer 31

you remove your hand from damgage

Question 32

what is the central nervous system made of

Answer 32

made of the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

whar does the central nervous system do

Answer 33

recives, processes, stores and transfers information

Question 34

where is the brian locqated

Answer 34

in the cranium

Question 35

what controls most functions of the body

Answer 35

the brain

Question 36

what directs responses to stimuli; stores memory

Answer 36

the brain

Question 37

what many neurons does the skull/brain contain

Answer 37

~100 billion neurons

Question 38

how many layers of connective tissue does the skull have that help protect the brain from injury

Answer 38

3 layers and a fluid layer

Question 39

what are the 3 main regions of the brain that recive and process info

Answer 39

cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem

Question 40

what is the largest part of the brain

Answer 40

cerebrum

Question 41

what part of the brain controls memory, language and thought

Answer 41

cerebrum

Question 42

where does the cerebrum get info from

Answer 42

the 5 senses

Question 43

what is the surface of the cerebrum like

Answer 43

surface contains many folds

Question 44

the cerebrum has sections called lobes, what does each lobe control

Answer 44

each lobe controls a specific function

Question 45

what part of the brain coordinates voluntary muscle movement: regulates balances and posture

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

what connects the brain to the spinal cord

Answer 46

brain stem

Question 47

what controls involuntary functions like sneezing, heart beating, and digestiton

Answer 47

the brain stem

Question 48

what is the spinal cords structure like

Answer 48

tubelike structure of neurons

Question 49

what is the "information highway" of the brain, connecting all parts of the body to the brain

Answer 49

the spinal cord

Question 50

what is the spinal cord surrounded and protected by

Answer 50

by the vertebrae, connective tissue and fluid

Question 51

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 51

the sensory neurons and motor neurons that transmit information between the GNS and the rest if the body

Question 52

what does the somatic system control and what is an example

Answer 52

controls skeletal muscles that cause voluntary movements ex: like walking or picking up somtihng

Question 53

what does the autonomic system control and what is an example

Answer 53

controls smooth and cardiac muscles; regulates involuntary actions ex: digesting food and beating of the heart

Question 54

what is the most common way that neurons are damaged

Answer 54

Physical injury

Question 55

why are inured nerves such a big deal

Answer 55

becuase injured nevrves cannot send signals

Question 56

what can occur if communication between CNS and PNS ends

Answer 56

paralysis can occur

Question 57

what is a concussion

Answer 57

a bruise to the brain usually caused by a severe blow to the head

Question 58

what is a reflex

Answer 58

automatic movement in response to a stimulus

Question 59

what do depressants do

Answer 59

slows down/stops the communication between neurons

Question 60

what do stimulants do

Answer 60

sped up the communication between neurons

Question 61

what does the nervous system and homeostasis do

Answer 61

recives information from the enviorment and signals other system