Chapter 14 - Structure and Movement Terms Flashcards
Chapter 14 terms
What is a human body system?
a system is a collection of parts that interact with one another
What is input?
the matter, energy, or information that enters a system
What is an example of input
when you exercise, heat is detected by special cells and receptors
What is processing?
the changing of an input to achieve a goal
What is an example of processing
a part in the brain processes the input from the receptor cells and sends a message that the body is too warm
What is output?
the materiel, energy, or information that leaves the system
What is an example of output
you sweat to cool down
What is feedback in systems?
systems can use information to monitor and change the input, process, and output
What is an example of feedback in systems
you breathe faster when you exercise to bring in more oxygen
Body systems work together to maintain _______
homeostasis
What is thinking systems
if you think of the systems and how they work, you can make choices that are beneficial to your overall health
How many bones does a human adult have
206 different bones
How many bones does a newborn have
275-300 bones
What is the function of the skeleton
provides shape and support
What is the vertebrae
series of 26 small bones that make up your spinal column
What does the design of the vertebrae permit
flexibility and movement
What are muscles attached to
the skeleton
What works together to permit movement
bones and muscles
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton
Provides shape/support, enables movement, protection, produces blood cells, stores minerals.
Do bones serve as protection for major organs?
yes
Where are most blood cells produced
red blood cells are produced in the center of some bones
What type of minerals do bones store until the body needs to use them
calcium and phosphorus
what is the center of the bone called
bone marrow
what is a system
a system is a collection of parts that interact with one another
can bones repair themselves
yes, but it takes time
what is a fracture
a break in a bone
what is arthritis
- a disease that causes the joints to become irritated or inflamed, such as when the cartilage is damaged or worn away
- causes pain and/or limits the range of motion in the joint
what is Osteoporosis
- a condition where bones have mineral loss resulting in bones being weak & brittle & can be easily broken
is Osteoporosis more common in men or woman
woman
what can Osteoporosis do
- can change a person & skeleton & shape
- can cause fractures
what can help maintain healthy bones
a combination of diet and exercise
what are voluntary muscles
muscles that you have to think about to control
where do bones supply calcium to
nerves, muscles, and heart
what are involuntary muscles
muscles that you dont have to think about
exercise will increase the size of what
individual cells, which will increase the size of overall muscle groups
what do muscles need to be healthy
needs protein, fiber, potassium, provides energy to contract
what are muscle cramps
the muscle contracts strongly & stays contracted
what can muscle cramps be caused by
dehydration, low levels of calcium or magnesium, buildup of lactic acid
what is homeostasis
maintains body temperature by converting chemical energy to thermal energy
why does the heart pump faster during exercise
to pump more blood & oxygen to the cells
what system is the skin part of
integumentary system
what is the integumentary system
all the external coverings of the body including skin, hair & nails
what is Temperature Regulation
helps to control body tempature
when warm, what happens to the skin
sweat coats the skin, then evaportates
when will the skin produce vitiman D
when exposed to sunshine
why is vitiman D necessary
to absorb calcium & phosphorus
