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Science > Chapter 14 - Bones, muscle, joints > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Bones, muscle, joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is compact bone

A

outer portion if bone

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2
Q

What is the material of compact bone like

A

hard and dense with canals for blood vessels & nerves

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3
Q

what is the material of spongy bone like

A

strong & lightweight with many small spaces, less dense than compact bone

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4
Q

Where is bone marrow

A

in the center of bone

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5
Q

what is the material of bone marrow

A

Soft, connective,

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6
Q

what does red bone marrow do

A

produces most red blood cells

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7
Q

what does yellow bone marrow do

A

fat storage

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8
Q

before birth what are bones made of

A

cartilage

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9
Q

in infancy what is cartilage slowly replaced with

A

bone

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10
Q

what do long bones contain

A

growth plates

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11
Q

what are growth plates

A

weak spots that can break

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12
Q

what is the longest bone

A

femur

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13
Q

where is the smallest bone

A

in your ear

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14
Q

bones are strong and lightweight

A

skibidi

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15
Q

what minerals are bone made up of

A

calcium & phosphorus.

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16
Q

bones are alive and continue to do what?

A

to create new bone tissue

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17
Q

what is a joint

A

a place in the body where 2 bones come together

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18
Q

what do joints do

A

provide flexibility & permit movement in a variety of ways

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19
Q

what are ligaments

A

strong connective tissue that joins bone to bone

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20
Q

what is a immovable joint

A

bones connected in a way where no movement is possible

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21
Q

what is an example of an immovable joint

A

bones of the cranium are fused together to protect the brain

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22
Q

what is a movable joint

A

places in the body where bones come together to provide a range of motion

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23
Q

what is a hinge joint and an example

A

permits forward & backward movement in one direction
  - ex: elbow & knee

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24
Q

What is a ball and socket joint, and what is an example

A
  • permits circular movement
      - greatest range of movement
      -ex: hip & shoulder
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25
Q

what is a pivot joint and an example

A

allows one bone to move around another
  - ex: neck, lower arm

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26
Q

what is a gliding or saddle joint and an example

A
  • permits you to bend, flex
    move side-to-side
  • ex: wrist
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27
Q

what is muscle

A

strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way

28
Q

what does contract mean

A

to become shorter

29
Q

what are the functions of the muscular system

A

movement, stability, protection, and, temperature regulation

30
Q

what do muscle contractions cause

A

the heart to beat

31
Q

what does muscle not attached to bone cause

A

movement of food and blood through the body

32
Q

muscle tissue that attaches to bone allows what

A

the skeleton to move

33
Q

do muscles help maintain blance

A

yes

34
Q

what are tendons

A

things that attach muscle to bone

35
Q

muscle and tedons work together to what

A

to keep joints in place & maintain posture

36
Q

how do muscles provide protection

A

muscles cover most of the skeleton & organs to protect like a layer of padding

37
Q

what is an example of muscles providing temperature regulation

A

muscles cause the body to shiver when cold – raise body temperature

38
Q

what are the three types of muscles

A

skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles

39
Q

what is skeletal muscle

A

the muscle that attaches to bone

40
Q

how many muscles are in the body

A

over 600

41
Q

how many muscles are in your hand

A

60+

42
Q

what is the largest muscle

A

Latissumus Dorssi, in your back

43
Q

is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary, the only involuntary

44
Q

what does the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle do

A

pumps blood thoroughout the body

45
Q

Cardiac muscle cells have branches with discs at the end that do what

A

sends signals to other cardiac cells

46
Q

what causes heartbeat and heart cells to contract together

A

the cells have branches with discs at the end that sends signals to other cardiac cells

47
Q

what is smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle that lines blood vessels & internal organs

48
Q

what does smooth muscle help do

A

move material through the body

49
Q

when does muscle strain occour

A

occurs when muscles are overworked

50
Q

can tendons be pulled

A

yes

51
Q

what are the functions of the skin

A

protection, sensory receptors, tempature regulation, production of vitiman D, elimintaion

52
Q

what are Sensory Receptors

A

special cells that can detect temperature, pressure, pain, texture, etc to keep you from
harm.

53
Q

what does it mean if you have more sensory receptors

A

more sensitive skin

54
Q

where will blood vessels enlarge

A

near the surface

55
Q

why do blood vessels enlarge near the surface

A

which permits the blood to release
heat to the environment

56
Q

whats the outermost layer of skin called

A

epidermis, and has direct contact with the environment

57
Q

what is the epidermis like

A

tough and thin

58
Q

cells in the epidermis are constantly replaced, how often do epidermis cells live

A

2-4 weeks

59
Q

what type of pigment is in the epidermis

A

melanin

60
Q

what is melanin

A

a pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of
the sun’s UV rays

61
Q

what are the three layers of skin from outermost to innermost

A

epidermis, dermis, and fatty layer

62
Q

what is the dermis

A

the thick layer of the skin that gives the skin strength, flexibility & nourishment

63
Q

what does the dermis contain

A

contains the sweat glands, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, muscles

64
Q

what is the fatty layer

A

the innermost layer of the skin that protects, pads,
insulates

65
Q
A

Science (6 decks)

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