Chapter 14 - Bones, muscle, joints

Question 1

What is compact bone

Answer 1

outer portion if bone

Question 2

What is the material of compact bone like

Answer 2

hard and dense with canals for blood vessels & nerves

Question 3

what is the material of spongy bone like

Answer 3

strong & lightweight with many small spaces, less dense than compact bone

Question 4

Where is bone marrow

Answer 4

in the center of bone

Question 5

what is the material of bone marrow

Answer 5

Soft, connective,

Question 6

what does red bone marrow do

Answer 6

produces most red blood cells

Question 7

what does yellow bone marrow do

Answer 7

fat storage

Question 8

before birth what are bones made of

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

in infancy what is cartilage slowly replaced with

Answer 9

bone

Question 10

what do long bones contain

Answer 10

growth plates

Question 11

what are growth plates

Answer 11

weak spots that can break

Question 12

what is the longest bone

Answer 12

femur

Question 13

where is the smallest bone

Answer 13

in your ear

Question 14

bones are strong and lightweight

Answer 14

skibidi

Question 15

what minerals are bone made up of

Answer 15

calcium & phosphorus.

Question 16

bones are alive and continue to do what?

Answer 16

to create new bone tissue

Question 17

what is a joint

Answer 17

a place in the body where 2 bones come together

Question 18

what do joints do

Answer 18

provide flexibility & permit movement in a variety of ways

Question 19

what are ligaments

Answer 19

strong connective tissue that joins bone to bone

Question 20

what is a immovable joint

Answer 20

bones connected in a way where no movement is possible

Question 21

what is an example of an immovable joint

Answer 21

bones of the cranium are fused together to protect the brain

Question 22

what is a movable joint

Answer 22

places in the body where bones come together to provide a range of motion

Question 23

what is a hinge joint and an example

Answer 23

permits forward & backward movement in one direction
  - ex: elbow & knee

Question 24

What is a ball and socket joint, and what is an example

Answer 24

• permits circular movement
    - greatest range of movement
    -ex: hip & shoulder

Question 25

what is a pivot joint and an example

Answer 25

allows one bone to move around another   - ex: neck, lower arm

Question 26

what is a gliding or saddle joint and an example

Answer 26

- permits you to bend, flex move side-to-side - ex: wrist

Question 27

what is muscle

Answer 27

strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way

Question 28

what does contract mean

Answer 28

to become shorter

Question 29

what are the functions of the muscular system

Answer 29

movement, stability, protection, and, temperature regulation

Question 30

what do muscle contractions cause

Answer 30

the heart to beat

Question 31

what does muscle not attached to bone cause

Answer 31

movement of food and blood through the body

Question 32

muscle tissue that attaches to bone allows what

Answer 32

the skeleton to move

Question 33

do muscles help maintain blance

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

what are tendons

Answer 34

things that attach muscle to bone

Question 35

muscle and tedons work together to what

Answer 35

to keep joints in place & maintain posture

Question 36

how do muscles provide protection

Answer 36

muscles cover most of the skeleton & organs to protect like a layer of padding

Question 37

what is an example of muscles providing temperature regulation

Answer 37

muscles cause the body to shiver when cold -- raise body temperature

Question 38

what are the three types of muscles

Answer 38

skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles

Question 39

what is skeletal muscle

Answer 39

the muscle that attaches to bone

Question 40

how many muscles are in the body

Answer 40

over 600

Question 41

how many muscles are in your hand

Answer 41

60+

Question 42

what is the largest muscle

Answer 42

Latissumus Dorssi, in your back

Question 43

is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary

Answer 43

involuntary, the only involuntary

Question 44

what does the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle do

Answer 44

pumps blood thoroughout the body

Question 45

Cardiac muscle cells have branches with discs at the end that do what

Answer 45

sends signals to other cardiac cells

Question 46

what causes heartbeat and heart cells to contract together

Answer 46

the cells have branches with discs at the end that sends signals to other cardiac cells

Question 47

what is smooth muscle

Answer 47

involuntary muscle that lines blood vessels & internal organs

Question 48

what does smooth muscle help do

Answer 48

move material through the body

Question 49

when does muscle strain occour

Answer 49

occurs when muscles are overworked

Question 50

can tendons be pulled

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

what are the functions of the skin

Answer 51

protection, sensory receptors, tempature regulation, production of vitiman D, elimintaion

Question 52

what are Sensory Receptors

Answer 52

special cells that can detect temperature, pressure, pain, texture, etc to keep you from harm.

Question 53

what does it mean if you have more sensory receptors

Answer 53

more sensitive skin

Question 54

where will blood vessels enlarge

Answer 54

near the surface

Question 55

why do blood vessels enlarge near the surface

Answer 55

which permits the blood to release heat to the environment

Question 56

whats the outermost layer of skin called

Answer 56

epidermis, and has direct contact with the environment

Question 57

what is the epidermis like

Answer 57

tough and thin

Question 58

cells in the epidermis are constantly replaced, how often do epidermis cells live

Answer 58

2-4 weeks

Question 59

what type of pigment is in the epidermis

Answer 59

melanin

Question 60

what is melanin

Answer 60

a pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of the sun's UV rays

Question 61

what are the three layers of skin from outermost to innermost

Answer 61

epidermis, dermis, and fatty layer

Question 62

what is the dermis

Answer 62

the thick layer of the skin that gives the skin strength, flexibility & nourishment

Question 63

what does the dermis contain

Answer 63

contains the sweat glands, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, muscles

Question 64

what is the fatty layer

Answer 64

the innermost layer of the skin that protects, pads, insulates