Chapter 14 - Bones, muscle, joints Flashcards
What is compact bone
outer portion if bone
What is the material of compact bone like
hard and dense with canals for blood vessels & nerves
what is the material of spongy bone like
strong & lightweight with many small spaces, less dense than compact bone
Where is bone marrow
in the center of bone
what is the material of bone marrow
Soft, connective,
what does red bone marrow do
produces most red blood cells
what does yellow bone marrow do
fat storage
before birth what are bones made of
cartilage
in infancy what is cartilage slowly replaced with
bone
what do long bones contain
growth plates
what are growth plates
weak spots that can break
what is the longest bone
femur
where is the smallest bone
in your ear
bones are strong and lightweight
skibidi
what minerals are bone made up of
calcium & phosphorus.
bones are alive and continue to do what?
to create new bone tissue
what is a joint
a place in the body where 2 bones come together
what do joints do
provide flexibility & permit movement in a variety of ways
what are ligaments
strong connective tissue that joins bone to bone
what is a immovable joint
bones connected in a way where no movement is possible
what is an example of an immovable joint
bones of the cranium are fused together to protect the brain
what is a movable joint
places in the body where bones come together to provide a range of motion
what is a hinge joint and an example
permits forward & backward movement in one direction
- ex: elbow & knee
What is a ball and socket joint, and what is an example
- permits circular movement
- greatest range of movement
-ex: hip & shoulder
what is a pivot joint and an example
allows one bone to move around another
- ex: neck, lower arm
what is a gliding or saddle joint and an example
- permits you to bend, flex
move side-to-side - ex: wrist
what is muscle
strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way
what does contract mean
to become shorter
what are the functions of the muscular system
movement, stability, protection, and, temperature regulation
what do muscle contractions cause
the heart to beat
what does muscle not attached to bone cause
movement of food and blood through the body
muscle tissue that attaches to bone allows what
the skeleton to move
do muscles help maintain blance
yes
what are tendons
things that attach muscle to bone
muscle and tedons work together to what
to keep joints in place & maintain posture
how do muscles provide protection
muscles cover most of the skeleton & organs to protect like a layer of padding
what is an example of muscles providing temperature regulation
muscles cause the body to shiver when cold – raise body temperature
what are the three types of muscles
skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles
what is skeletal muscle
the muscle that attaches to bone
how many muscles are in the body
over 600
how many muscles are in your hand
60+
what is the largest muscle
Latissumus Dorssi, in your back
is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary
involuntary, the only involuntary
what does the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle do
pumps blood thoroughout the body
Cardiac muscle cells have branches with discs at the end that do what
sends signals to other cardiac cells
what causes heartbeat and heart cells to contract together
the cells have branches with discs at the end that sends signals to other cardiac cells
what is smooth muscle
involuntary muscle that lines blood vessels & internal organs
what does smooth muscle help do
move material through the body
when does muscle strain occour
occurs when muscles are overworked
can tendons be pulled
yes
what are the functions of the skin
protection, sensory receptors, tempature regulation, production of vitiman D, elimintaion
what are Sensory Receptors
special cells that can detect temperature, pressure, pain, texture, etc to keep you from
harm.
what does it mean if you have more sensory receptors
more sensitive skin
where will blood vessels enlarge
near the surface
why do blood vessels enlarge near the surface
which permits the blood to release
heat to the environment
whats the outermost layer of skin called
epidermis, and has direct contact with the environment
what is the epidermis like
tough and thin
cells in the epidermis are constantly replaced, how often do epidermis cells live
2-4 weeks
what type of pigment is in the epidermis
melanin
what is melanin
a pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of
the sun’s UV rays
what are the three layers of skin from outermost to innermost
epidermis, dermis, and fatty layer
what is the dermis
the thick layer of the skin that gives the skin strength, flexibility & nourishment
what does the dermis contain
contains the sweat glands, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, muscles
what is the fatty layer
the innermost layer of the skin that protects, pads,
insulates
