Chapter 15 Flashcards
Why do we need energy
the digestive system food and releases energy for cellular processes and all activities
What is the energy in food measured by
Calories
what is a calorie
a Calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temp of 1 kg of water by
1 o C
the more calories a food has, the more what?
the more energy it has
what is the amount of Calories a person needs is dependent upon
age, gender, activity level
what are nutrients
substances that provide energy & materials for cell
development, growth & repair
whats the most major energy source
carbohydrates
1 gram of carbs is equal to how many calories
4 calories of energy
what do carbohydrates provide
provides raw materials to make cell parts
whats another word for simple carbohydrates
sugars
what is glucose
the type of sugar your body can most easily use
what are complex carbohydrates
simple sugars linked in a chain
what are starches
plant based, includes potatoes, grains
- body converts them to simple sugars for use
what are fibers
- plant based
- indigestible by humans
- helps to keep digestive system functioning properly
how many calories should come from carbs
45 to 65%
what are fats or lipids
energy-containing nutrients
how many calories do fats or lipids contain per gram
- contain 9 calories of energy per gram of fat
what are some other functions of fats or lipids
form part of the cell membrane
- protects & supports internal organs
- insulates the body
what are the 3 types of fats
saturated, unsaturated, and trans fat
what are unsatured fats
usually liquids at room temperature
- more “healthful” than other types of fats
what do unsaturated fats contain
unsaturated refers to its chemical structure
olive oil, canola oil
what are saturated fats
- usually solids at room temperature
where are saturated fats usually found
includes fats found in meat & dairy products
what can saturated fats increase?
can increase cholesterol levels
what are saturated fats
- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable
oil -> increases shelf life
what has eating trans fats been found to increase?
eating foods with trans fats has been found to increase the risk of heart disease
what is cholesterol
- a waxy, fat-like substance found in animal products
what is cholesterol necessary for and where is all need cholesterol produced
- necessary for proper cell function, but all needed cholesterol is produced in the liver
what is high cholesterol one of the major risk factors for
high cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for heart disease, heart attack or stroke
