Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need energy

A

the digestive system food and releases energy for cellular processes and all activities

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2
Q

What is the energy in food measured by

A

Calories

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3
Q

what is a calorie

A

a Calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temp of 1 kg of water by
1 o C

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4
Q

the more calories a food has, the more what?

A

the more energy it has

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5
Q

what is the amount of Calories a person needs is dependent upon

A

age, gender, activity level

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6
Q

what are nutrients

A

substances that provide energy & materials for cell
development, growth & repair

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7
Q

whats the most major energy source

A

carbohydrates

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8
Q

1 gram of carbs is equal to how many calories

A

4 calories of energy

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9
Q

what do carbohydrates provide

A

provides raw materials to make cell parts

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10
Q

whats another word for simple carbohydrates

A

sugars

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11
Q

what is glucose

A

the type of sugar your body can most easily  use

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12
Q

what are complex carbohydrates

A

simple sugars linked in a chain

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13
Q

what are starches

A

plant based, includes potatoes, grains
  - body converts them to simple sugars for use

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14
Q

what are fibers

A
  • plant based
      - indigestible by humans
      - helps to keep digestive system functioning properly
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15
Q

how many calories should come from carbs

A

45 to 65%

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16
Q

what are fats or lipids

A

energy-containing nutrients

17
Q

how many calories do fats or lipids contain per gram

A
  • contain 9 calories of energy per gram of fat
18
Q

what are some other functions of fats or lipids

A

form part of the cell membrane
 - protects & supports internal organs
 - insulates the body

19
Q

what are the 3 types of fats

A

saturated, unsaturated, and trans fat

20
Q

what are unsatured fats

A

usually liquids at room temperature
  - more “healthful” than other types of fats

21
Q

what do unsaturated fats contain

A

unsaturated refers to its chemical structure
olive oil, canola oil

22
Q

what are saturated fats

A
  • usually solids at room temperature
23
Q

where are saturated fats usually found

A

includes fats found in meat & dairy products

24
Q

what can saturated fats increase?

A

can increase cholesterol levels

25
what are saturated fats
- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil -> increases shelf life
26
what has eating trans fats been found to increase?
eating foods with trans fats has been found to increase the risk of heart disease
27
what is cholesterol
- a waxy, fat-like substance found in animal products  
28
what is cholesterol necessary for and where is all need cholesterol produced
- necessary for proper cell function, but all needed cholesterol is produced in the liver
29
what is high cholesterol one of the major risk factors for
high cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for heart disease, heart attack or stroke
30