Chapter 15. AI Flashcards
Why do you eat?
Food provides your body with the energy & nutrients it needs to survive.
What is energy in food measured in?
Calories.
What is a Calorie?
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temp of 1 kg of water by 1 °C.
What are nutrients?
Substances that provide energy & materials for cell development, growth & repair.
What percentage of calories should come from carbohydrates?
45 to 65%.
What is the major energy source in the diet?
Carbohydrates.
How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrates?
4 calories.
What are simple carbohydrates also known as?
Sugars.
What is the role of fiber in the diet?
Helps to keep the digestive system functioning properly.
What type of fat is usually liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated fats.
What is the caloric value of 1 gram of fat?
9 calories.
What are complete proteins?
Proteins that contain all the essential amino acids.
What are vitamins used for in the body?
To carry out chemical reactions.
What is the most important nutrient?
Water.
What is the function of the digestive system?
To ingest, digest, absorb, and eliminate food.
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical breaking down of food into smaller pieces.
What is chemical digestion?
The molecular breakdown of food particles using chemicals produced in the body.
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase.
What is the main site of chemical digestion and absorption?
The small intestines.
What is chyme?
A mixture of digested food & gastric juices.
What organ produces bile?
The liver.
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store bile.
What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?
To filter liquids and remove wastes from the blood.
What is urea?
A chemical produced in the breakdown of proteins.
What does the urinary system consist of?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
What is peristalsis?
The contraction of the walls of the esophagus that pushes food to the stomach.
What is the average amount of urine produced by an adult per day?
1.5 liters.
What can the presence of protein in urine indicate?
Kidney disease or other serious diseases.
What is the function of the bladder?
To hold urine until it is eliminated from the body.
Fill in the blank: The digestive system collects & removes ______ waste.
solid.
Fill in the blank: The urinary system collects & removes ______ waste.
fluid.
True or False: Water makes up 65% of your body by weight.
True.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Maintains homeostasis by keeping the internal environment stable & free of harmful levels of chemicals
The kidneys regulate the amount of water in the body.
Which organs are involved in the excretion of carbon dioxide and water?
Lungs & Skin
Some carbon dioxide & water are removed by the lungs, while water & urea are excreted in perspiration.
What role does the liver play in excretion?
Breaks down materials before they are removed from the body
The liver converts proteins into urea and hemoglobin into bile.
How does the liver interact with other systems to maintain homeostasis?
It interacts with other systems, such as the nervous system
The liver helps monitor and manage various metabolic processes.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in water regulation?
Uses hormones to help monitor the amount of water in the blood system
The hypothalamus is an area in the brain that plays a crucial role in homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys regulate the amount of _______ in the body.
water
True or False: The skin contributes to the excretion of urea.
True
Water and urea are excreted in perspiration.
What substances are proteins converted into by the liver?
Urea
This process is part of the detoxification and excretion functions of the liver.
What is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver?
Bile
Bile is important for digestion and fat absorption.
whats another word for simple carbohydrates
sugars, gives you a quick burst of energy but no actual benefits
what are starches made of
plant based, includes potatoes, grains
what are fibers
plant based and helps to keep digestive system functioning properly
what are fats or lipids
energy-containing nutrients
- contain 9 calories of energy per gram of fat
