Chapter 15. AI

Question 2

Why do you eat?

Answer 2

Food provides your body with the energy & nutrients it needs to survive.

Question 3

What is energy in food measured in?

Answer 3

Calories.

Question 4

What is a Calorie?

Answer 4

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temp of 1 kg of water by 1 °C.

Question 5

What are nutrients?

Answer 5

Substances that provide energy & materials for cell development, growth & repair.

Question 6

What percentage of calories should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 6

45 to 65%.

Question 7

What is the major energy source in the diet?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates.

Question 8

How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

4 calories.

Question 9

What are simple carbohydrates also known as?

Answer 9

Sugars.

Question 10

What is the role of fiber in the diet?

Answer 10

Helps to keep the digestive system functioning properly.

Question 11

What type of fat is usually liquid at room temperature?

Answer 11

Unsaturated fats.

Question 12

What is the caloric value of 1 gram of fat?

Answer 12

9 calories.

Question 13

What are complete proteins?

Answer 13

Proteins that contain all the essential amino acids.

Question 14

What are vitamins used for in the body?

Answer 14

To carry out chemical reactions.

Question 15

What is the most important nutrient?

Answer 15

Water.

Question 16

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 16

To ingest, digest, absorb, and eliminate food.

Question 17

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 17

The physical breaking down of food into smaller pieces.

Question 18

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 18

The molecular breakdown of food particles using chemicals produced in the body.

Question 19

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 19

Amylase.

Question 20

What is the main site of chemical digestion and absorption?

Answer 20

The small intestines.

Question 21

What is chyme?

Answer 21

A mixture of digested food & gastric juices.

Question 22

What organ produces bile?

Answer 22

The liver.

Question 23

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 23

To store bile.

Question 24

What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

Answer 24

To filter liquids and remove wastes from the blood.

Question 25

What is urea?

Answer 25

A chemical produced in the breakdown of proteins.

Question 26

What does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 26

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Question 27

What is peristalsis?

Answer 27

The contraction of the walls of the esophagus that pushes food to the stomach.

Question 28

What is the average amount of urine produced by an adult per day?

Answer 28

1.5 liters.

Question 29

What can the presence of protein in urine indicate?

Answer 29

Kidney disease or other serious diseases.

Question 30

What is the function of the bladder?

Answer 30

To hold urine until it is eliminated from the body.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The digestive system collects & removes ______ waste.

Answer 31

solid.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The urinary system collects & removes ______ waste.

Answer 32

fluid.

Question 33

True or False: Water makes up 65% of your body by weight.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Answer 34

Maintains homeostasis by keeping the internal environment stable & free of harmful levels of chemicals ## Footnote The kidneys regulate the amount of water in the body.

Question 35

Which organs are involved in the excretion of carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 35

Lungs & Skin ## Footnote Some carbon dioxide & water are removed by the lungs, while water & urea are excreted in perspiration.

Question 36

What role does the liver play in excretion?

Answer 36

Breaks down materials before they are removed from the body ## Footnote The liver converts proteins into urea and hemoglobin into bile.

Question 37

How does the liver interact with other systems to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 37

It interacts with other systems, such as the nervous system ## Footnote The liver helps monitor and manage various metabolic processes.

Question 38

What is the role of the hypothalamus in water regulation?

Answer 38

Uses hormones to help monitor the amount of water in the blood system ## Footnote The hypothalamus is an area in the brain that plays a crucial role in homeostasis.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The kidneys regulate the amount of _______ in the body.

Answer 39

water

Question 40

True or False: The skin contributes to the excretion of urea.

Answer 40

True ## Footnote Water and urea are excreted in perspiration.

Question 41

What substances are proteins converted into by the liver?

Answer 41

Urea ## Footnote This process is part of the detoxification and excretion functions of the liver.

Question 42

What is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver?

Answer 42

Bile ## Footnote Bile is important for digestion and fat absorption.

Question 43

whats another word for simple carbohydrates

Answer 43

sugars, gives you a quick burst of energy but no actual benefits

Question 44

what are starches made of

Answer 44

plant based, includes potatoes, grains

Question 45

what are fibers

Answer 45

plant based and helps to keep digestive system functioning properly

Question 46

what are fats or lipids

Answer 46

energy-containing nutrients   - contain 9 calories of energy per gram of fat