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Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is precipitation

A

water that falls from the atmosphere in liquid or solid form

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2
Q

what is the most common precipitation

A

rain

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3
Q

what is snow

A

rain that falls to the earth as solid ice crystals

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4
Q

what is sleet

A

rain that falls through a layer of that is 0 degrees C, freezing into ice

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5
Q

where does hail form

A

thunder clouds

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6
Q

how does hail form

A

small ice pellets circulate up and down in the cloud many times in convection currents that creates a hailstone made up of many layers of ice

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7
Q

what is the water cycle

A

a series of natural process by which water continually mares among oceans, land and the atmosphere (look at a picture)

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8
Q

what is evaportaion

A

the change of water vapor due to energy from the sun

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9
Q

what is transportaion

A

the release if water vapor from living organisms

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10
Q

what is condensation

A

water vapor changes to liquid water in the cooler upper atmosphere, forming clouds.

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11
Q

what is precipitaion

A

water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, ect

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12
Q

what is runoff / infiltatinion / groundwater

A

water on or below the surface of the earth

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13
Q

what is the pressure system

A

when air moves from areas if high pressure to areas of low pressure

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14
Q

in a body of circulating air where is high and low pressure in a HIGH PRESSURE system

A

high pressure at the center and low pressure outside the system

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15
Q

in a HIGH PRESSURE system, where does the high pressure in the middle of the circulating air go

A

goes away from the center

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16
Q

In a HIGH PRESSURE system, what does the high pressure moving away from the center of a body of circulating air do to the sky

A

brings clear skies and fair weather

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17
Q

where is high and low pressure in body of circulating air in a LOW PRESSURE system

A

low pressure in the center and high pressure outside of the system

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18
Q

what happens to the low pressure in the center of a circulating body of air in a LOW PRESSURE system

A

it moves upward

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19
Q

what happens when the low pressure in a LOW PRESSURE system moves upward

A

creates clouds and precipitation

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20
Q

what is air mass

A

a body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and pressure at any height

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21
Q

how is air mass classified

A

by their temperature and moisture characteristics

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22
Q

when does air mass change charateristics

A

as the air mass moves over land and water

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23
Q

what is maritime tropical

A

warm, humid, air masses

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24
Q

where does maritime tropical form

A

over tropical oceans

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25
what kind of weather does Maritime tropical bring in summer
hot, humid, stormy weather
26
what kind of weather does Maritime tropical bring in the winter
heavy rain or snow
27
where does Maritime affect the world
west, southwest, and eastern portions on the US
28
what is Maritime polar and where do they form
cool, humid, air masses that form over North Pacific or north Atlantic oceans
29
what kind of weather does Maritime polar bring
cloudy, rain weather
30
where does maritime polar effect the world
west coast more than east coast areas
31
where does continental tropical form
over the southwest and northern Mexico and southern Great plains
32
what does continental tropical feel like
hot, dry air masses
33
when does continental tropical form
in the summer
34
where does continental tropical affect
and southern Great plains
35
what does continental polar feel like
cold all year round, dry, fast-moving, air masses
36
where does continental polar affect
central and eastern US
37
where does Artic air masses form
over Siberia or the artic
38
how cold can artic air masses get
down to -40 degrees
39
whats a front
a boundary between 2 air masses
40
what is the weather like in a front
the weather can drastically change
41
what is a cold front
when a cold air mass runs into a warm air mass
42
what happens to the warm air in a cold front
the warm air goes above the cold
43
what forms around a cold front
clouds and sometimes severe storms
44
what happens in a warm-air front
a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass
44
what forms around a warm air front
a wide blanket of clouds
45
what does a warm air front do to the weather
brings warmer temperatures, rain, and increases humidity
46
what is a stationary front
when warm and cold air masses meet but do not move
47
what can a stationary front result in
in many days of clouds and light rain
48
what is an occulted front
when warm air masses are caught between 2 cold air masses
49
what does oculated light result in
in cloudy, rainy weather
50
what is a thunderstorm
an electrical storm featuring heavy precipitation, thunder and lightning
51
what type of clouds do thunderstorms occur in
cumulonimbus
52
what many stages do thunderclouds have
3
53
stage 1. Cumulus stage. What happens
time when clouds form and updrafts
54
stage 2. Mature stage. What happens
heavy winds, rain, and lightning
55
stage 3. Dissipation stage. What happens
storms weaken and fall apart
56
how does lightning form in the clouds
positive and negative particles in the clouds or between clouds and ground
57
what is thunder
the sound of the air rapidly expanding after lightning
58
why do you see lightning before thunder
because light travels faster than sound, so you see the lightning before the thunder
59
what is a tornado
a violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground.
60
how long does a tornado last
brief - 15 minutes
61
how fast can tornados get
400 km per hr
62
what type of clouds do tornados form in (the same clouds as thunderstorms)
cumulonimbus
63
why are tornados invisible
the debries it picks up makes it invisible
64
what country do tornados occur most in
US
65
where is tornado alley
Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
66
how do tornados most often occur in tornado alley
humid gulf air meets cool, dry Canadian air
67
what scale do humans use to classify tornados. And how does the scale measure.
Fujita scale. Measures from F0 to F5. F0 being the lowest and F5 being the highest
68
how fast can a hurricane's wind speeds get
119 km per hour or more
69
what is the most destructive storm on the earth
hurricane
70
how many miles can hurricanes go across water
300 miles
71
how many times larger is a hurricane than a tornado
150,000 times larger
72
what are hurricanes also known as
typhoons or tropical cyclones
73
what is the most damage from a hurricane
strong winds, prolonged rains, and flooding
74
what is the center of a hurricane called
an eye
75
what happens in the eye of a hurricane
area of clear skies and light winds
76
what kind of storms are winter storms
ice storms and freezing rain
77
how does freezing rain form
starts as now, goes through a layer of warm air, freezes on contact
78
what can winter storms do to the earth
can cause trees, power lines, and other structures to break
79
what is a blizzard
a violent winter storm with freezing temps, strong winds, and blowing snow
80
What is the difference between a watch and a warning
a watch means severe weather is possible, and a warning means severe weather is already occurring
81
what do you do if you are inside and a thunderstorm is happening
stay away from electrical cords and metal objects
82
what happens if there is a thunderstorm and you are outside
lay in a low area and stay away from tall structures
83
what do you do if there's a tornado and you are inside
go in a low area or bathtub with no windows around
84
what do you do if there's a tornado and you are outside
lay flat in a ditch
85
what do you do to stay safe if there's a winter storm
dress in layers and cover skin
86
what do you do to stay safe in sunny weather
use UV protection and sunglasses sunglasses (remember snow, water, and sand double the effects of the sun.)
87
what do triangles mean on a weather map
cold air is moving in
88
what does a semi circle mean on a weather map
warm air front
89
on a weather map what does it mean when triangles and semi circles are next to eachother
means that it is a warm and cold stationary front
90
what do thermometers measure
tempature
91
what do barometers measure
pressure
92
what do phychrometeres measure
relative humidity
93
what do anemometers measure
wind speed
94
what do surface reports describe
a set of weather measurements made on earths surface
95
what do surface reports use to measure weather
weather stations
96
what do surface reports describe
temperature, pressure, wind speed, direction, humidity, and precipitation
97
what do upper air reports describe
wind, temp, and humidity above earth's surface
98
what are upper air reports measured by
radiosondas
99
what is a radiosonda
instruments carried by weather ballons
100
how far above earth can satellites reach
35,000
101
what do satellites show
clouds, precipitation, atmosphere, temp
102
what do doppler radars detect
precipitation and the movement of small particles
103
what is a weather map
tools that permit meteorologist to simplify weather data
104
what does a station model do
displays data from many different weather measurements for a particular location by using numbers and symbols
105
what do wether maps use to portray different weather events
symbols and colors
106
what are isobars
lines that connect areas of equal pressure
107
in an isobar what does it mean when the lines are close together
it is windier
108
what are isotherms
lines that connect areas of equal tempature
109
today what is used to predict weather
computer models
110
how do computers predict the weather
detailed computer programs solve sets of complicated math formulas
111
why are computers used to predict weather (2 things)
computers have greater accuracy than humans and computers can be updated continually as weather factors change

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