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Science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is precipitation

A

water that falls from the atmosphere in liquid or solid form

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2
Q

what is the most common precipitation

A

rain

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3
Q

what is snow

A

rain that falls to the earth as solid ice crystals

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4
Q

what is sleet

A

rain that falls through a layer of that is 0 degrees C, freezing into ice

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5
Q

where does hail form

A

thunder clouds

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6
Q

how does hail form

A

small ice pellets circulate up and down in the cloud many times in convection currents that creates a hailstone made up of many layers of ice

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7
Q

what is the water cycle

A

a series of natural process by which water continually mares among oceans, land and the atmosphere (look at a picture)

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8
Q

what is evaportaion

A

the change of water vapor due to energy from the sun

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9
Q

what is transportaion

A

the release if water vapor from living organisms

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10
Q

what is condensation

A

water vapor changes to liquid water in the cooler upper atmosphere, forming clouds.

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11
Q

what is precipitaion

A

water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, ect

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12
Q

what is runoff / infiltatinion / groundwater

A

water on or below the surface of the earth

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13
Q

what is the pressure system

A

when air moves from areas if high pressure to areas of low pressure

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14
Q

in a body of circulating air where is high and low pressure in a HIGH PRESSURE system

A

high pressure at the center and low pressure outside the system

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15
Q

in a HIGH PRESSURE system, where does the high pressure in the middle of the circulating air go

A

goes away from the center

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16
Q

In a HIGH PRESSURE system, what does the high pressure moving away from the center of a body of circulating air do to the sky

A

brings clear skies and fair weather

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17
Q

where is high and low pressure in body of circulating air in a LOW PRESSURE system

A

low pressure in the center and high pressure outside of the system

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18
Q

what happens to the low pressure in the center of a circulating body of air in a LOW PRESSURE system

A

it moves upward

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19
Q

what happens when the low pressure in a LOW PRESSURE system moves upward

A

creates clouds and precipitation

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20
Q

what is air mass

A

a body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and pressure at any height

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21
Q

how is air mass classified

A

by their temperature and moisture characteristics

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22
Q

when does air mass change charateristics

A

as the air mass moves over land and water

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23
Q

what is maritime tropical

A

warm, humid, air masses

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24
Q

where does maritime tropical form

A

over tropical oceans

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25
Q

what kind of weather does Maritime tropical bring in summer

A

hot, humid, stormy weather

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26
Q

what kind of weather does Maritime tropical bring in the winter

A

heavy rain or snow

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27
Q

where does Maritime affect the world

A

west, southwest, and eastern portions on the US

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28
Q

what is Maritime polar and where do they form

A

cool, humid, air masses that form over North Pacific or north Atlantic oceans

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29
Q

what kind of weather does Maritime polar bring

A

cloudy, rain weather

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30
Q

where does maritime polar effect the world

A

west coast more than east coast areas

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31
Q

where does continental tropical form

A

over the southwest and northern Mexico and southern Great plains

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32
Q

what does continental tropical feel like

A

hot, dry air masses

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33
Q

when does continental tropical form

A

in the summer

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34
Q

where does continental tropical affect

A

and southern Great plains

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35
Q

what does continental polar feel like

A

cold all year round, dry, fast-moving, air masses

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36
Q

where does continental polar affect

A

central and eastern US

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37
Q

where does Artic air masses form

A

over Siberia or the artic

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38
Q

how cold can artic air masses get

A

down to -40 degrees

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39
Q

whats a front

A

a boundary between 2 air masses

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40
Q

what is the weather like in a front

A

the weather can drastically change

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41
Q

what is a cold front

A

when a cold air mass runs into a warm air mass

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42
Q

what happens to the warm air in a cold front

A

the warm air goes above the cold

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43
Q

what forms around a cold front

A

clouds and sometimes severe storms

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44
Q

what happens in a warm-air front

A

a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass

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44
Q

what forms around a warm air front

A

a wide blanket of clouds

45
Q

what does a warm air front do to the weather

A

brings warmer temperatures, rain, and increases humidity

46
Q

what is a stationary front

A

when warm and cold air masses meet but do not move

47
Q

what can a stationary front result in

A

in many days of clouds and light rain

48
Q

what is an occulted front

A

when warm air masses are caught between 2 cold air masses

49
Q

what does oculated light result in

A

in cloudy, rainy weather

50
Q

what is a thunderstorm

A

an electrical storm featuring heavy precipitation, thunder and lightning

51
Q

what type of clouds do thunderstorms occur in

A

cumulonimbus

52
Q

what many stages do thunderclouds have

A

3

53
Q

stage 1. Cumulus stage. What happens

A

time when clouds form and updrafts

54
Q

stage 2. Mature stage. What happens

A

heavy winds, rain, and lightning

55
Q

stage 3. Dissipation stage. What happens

A

storms weaken and fall apart

56
Q

how does lightning form in the clouds

A

positive and negative particles in the clouds or between clouds and ground

57
Q

what is thunder

A

the sound of the air rapidly expanding after lightning

58
Q

why do you see lightning before thunder

A

because light travels faster than sound, so you see the lightning before the thunder

59
Q

what is a tornado

A

a violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground.

60
Q

how long does a tornado last

A

brief - 15 minutes

61
Q

how fast can tornados get

A

400 km per hr

62
Q

what type of clouds do tornados form in (the same clouds as thunderstorms)

A

cumulonimbus

63
Q

why are tornados invisible

A

the debries it picks up makes it invisible

64
Q

what country do tornados occur most in

A

US

65
Q

where is tornado alley

A

Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas

66
Q

how do tornados most often occur in tornado alley

A

humid gulf air meets cool, dry Canadian air

67
Q

what scale do humans use to classify tornados. And how does the scale measure.

A

Fujita scale. Measures from F0 to F5. F0 being the lowest and F5 being the highest

68
Q

how fast can a hurricane’s wind speeds get

A

119 km per hour or more

69
Q

what is the most destructive storm on the earth

A

hurricane

70
Q

how many miles can hurricanes go across water

A

300 miles

71
Q

how many times larger is a hurricane than a tornado

A

150,000 times larger

72
Q

what are hurricanes also known as

A

typhoons or tropical cyclones

73
Q

what is the most damage from a hurricane

A

strong winds, prolonged rains, and flooding

74
Q

what is the center of a hurricane called

A

an eye

75
Q

what happens in the eye of a hurricane

A

area of clear skies and light winds

76
Q

what kind of storms are winter storms

A

ice storms and freezing rain

77
Q

how does freezing rain form

A

starts as now, goes through a layer of warm air, freezes on contact

78
Q

what can winter storms do to the earth

A

can cause trees, power lines, and other structures to break

79
Q

what is a blizzard

A

a violent winter storm with freezing temps, strong winds, and blowing snow

80
Q

What is the difference between a watch and a warning

A

a watch means severe weather is possible, and a warning means severe weather is already occurring

81
Q

what do you do if you are inside and a thunderstorm is happening

A

stay away from electrical cords and metal objects

82
Q

what happens if there is a thunderstorm and you are outside

A

lay in a low area and stay away from tall structures

83
Q

what do you do if there’s a tornado and you are inside

A

go in a low area or bathtub with no windows around

84
Q

what do you do if there’s a tornado and you are outside

A

lay flat in a ditch

85
Q

what do you do to stay safe if there’s a winter storm

A

dress in layers and cover skin

86
Q

what do you do to stay safe in sunny weather

A

use UV protection and sunglasses sunglasses (remember snow, water, and sand double the effects of the sun.)

87
Q

what do triangles mean on a weather map

A

cold air is moving in

88
Q

what does a semi circle mean on a weather map

A

warm air front

89
Q

on a weather map what does it mean when triangles and semi circles are next to eachother

A

means that it is a warm and cold stationary front

90
Q

what do thermometers measure

A

tempature

91
Q

what do barometers measure

A

pressure

92
Q

what do phychrometeres measure

A

relative humidity

93
Q

what do anemometers measure

A

wind speed

94
Q

what do surface reports describe

A

a set of weather measurements made on earths surface

95
Q

what do surface reports use to measure weather

A

weather stations

96
Q

what do surface reports describe

A

temperature, pressure, wind speed, direction, humidity, and precipitation

97
Q

what do upper air reports describe

A

wind, temp, and humidity above earth’s surface

98
Q

what are upper air reports measured by

A

radiosondas

99
Q

what is a radiosonda

A

instruments carried by weather ballons

100
Q

how far above earth can satellites reach

A

35,000

101
Q

what do satellites show

A

clouds, precipitation, atmosphere, temp

102
Q

what do doppler radars detect

A

precipitation and the movement of small particles

103
Q

what is a weather map

A

tools that permit meteorologist to simplify weather data

104
Q

what does a station model do

A

displays data from many different weather measurements for a particular location by using numbers and symbols

105
Q

what do wether maps use to portray different weather events

A

symbols and colors

106
Q

what are isobars

A

lines that connect areas of equal pressure

107
Q

in an isobar what does it mean when the lines are close together

A

it is windier

108
Q

what are isotherms

A

lines that connect areas of equal tempature

109
Q

today what is used to predict weather

A

computer models

110
Q

how do computers predict the weather

A

detailed computer programs solve sets of complicated math formulas

111
Q

why are computers used to predict weather (2 things)

A

computers have greater accuracy than humans and computers can be updated continually as weather factors change

Science (5 decks)

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