Chapters 45,46,47,50 Test

Question 0

“Liber”

Answer 0

Means “free.” Where the word Liberalism comes from.

Question 1

Liberalism

Answer 1

A political creed which promotes civil rights and representative government

Question 2

What was the Catholic Church’s original stance on Liberalism?

Answer 2

Opposed to it. Most Catholics were monarchists. Why?
•Past experience with liberalism was bad (French Revolution)
•Power to rule comes from God
•There must be limits to civic freedoms

Question 3

Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)

Answer 3

• Began his papacy and made liberal reforms
• Disliked by the liberals. They drove him out of Rome in 1848.
• The French Army protected Pius.
• He issued the Syllabus of Errors.
• Made himself a “prisoner of the Vatican”

Question 4

What was Vatican I’s only major decree?

Answer 4

The infallibility of the Pope

Question 5

Infallible

Answer 5

Without error. Technically, the Pope is infallible only when he speaks “ex cathedra” (from the chair of Peter); when he is speaking for the whole Church on matters of faith and morals.

Question 6

Leo XIII

Answer 6

Elected as a compromise candidate after Pius IX died. He…
•Opened the secret archives of the Vatican to scholars
•Negotiated an end to Germany’s kulturkampf
•Transformed the way the Church used encyclical letters

Question 7

Syllabus of Errors

Answer 7

A document issued by Pius IX, which was misunderstood as an attack on progress and modern civilization.

Question 8

Why did Vatican I end early?

Answer 8

The French army that was protecting Rome had to leave to help France, and soldiers from Piedmont moved in. Bishops fled and Vatican I ended.

Question 9

Kulturkampf

Answer 9

A policy of Otto von Bismark that closed all Catholic institutions in Germany because a religion that declares its leader infallible can not be reasoned with. It was a “culture-struggle” to protect German culture from the Catholic Church

Question 10

Victor Emmanuel

Answer 10

Piedmont guy who made Italy into one united nation

Question 11

Encyclical

Answer 11

A letter, written by the Pope to bishops and to all persons of good will, in which the timeless principles of scripture and tradition are applied to moral and social issues of today

Question 12

What did Leo XIII change about encyclicals?

Answer 12

Had them written in vernacular

Question 13

Vernacular

Answer 13

Language of the people

Question 14

What’s the big contradiction about wealth?

Answer 14

In the richest nations on earth, the working class struggles to get by.

Question 15

Rerum Novarum

Answer 15

An encyclical letter by Pope Leo XIII
•Private property is a natural right…FOR ALL
•The state has has a responsibility to protect the poor
•When parties of unequal power negotiate, the weaker party must accept low, unjust pay. So workers have the right to band together. If negotiations fail, the state should intervene.

Question 16

Capitalism/Free Enterprise

Answer 16

The idea of Adam Smith, who wrote the “Wealth of Nations.” We need private ownership and self-interested behavior…competition in free market

Question 17

Iron Law of Wages

Answer 17

By David Ricardo: by nature, wages must be at the lowest levels because self-interested sellers must keep prices low

Question 18

Socialism/communism

Answer 18

The idea of Karl Marx. We need to have “to each according to his need, to each according to his ability.” We need state and regulation. We need revolution to overturn the unjust social structures “all you have to lose are the chains that bind to you.”

Question 19

Laissez-faire

Answer 19

“Let do.” A capitalist idea meaning, let the buyers and sellers do what they want in the market, and all major economic questions will be answered

Question 20

Invisible Hand

Answer 20

A capitalist idea. As self-interested sellers and buyers interact in the market, an “invisible hand” distributes goods throughout the society fairly and efficiently.

Question 21

Andrew Carnegie’s 3 sacred ideas of modern civilization

Answer 21

1. The “sacredness” of private property
2. Free competition
3. Free accumulation of wealth

Question 22

Karl Marx’s 2 ideas about history

Answer 22

1. Class vs class

2. The rich use religion and law as tools to hold down the poor.

Question 23

Pierre Prudhon said this about property:

Answer 23

“Property is theft.”

Question 24

Peritus

Answer 24

An expert in theology

Question 25

Results of the Rerum Novarum

Answer 25

• Pope is praised
• Catholics formed political parties, unions, and changed laws
• Laymen became more prominent

Question 26

Pope John XXIII

Answer 26

A compromise Pope who surprised everyone by calling Vatican II to “let in a bit of fresh air”

Question 27

In what ways was Vatican II unusual?

Answer 27

Each bishop was encouraged to bring a peritus, Protestants were invited, Greek Orthodox were invited, women were included in the process

Question 28

Lumen Gentium

Answer 28

“Light of Nations.” The key document of Vatican II. Main idea: the Church is the entire people of God, not just the Pope and priests

Question 29

Apostolate of the Laity

Answer 29

All of us laypeople are apostles to spread Christ’s message

Question 30

Decree on Ecumenism

Answer 30

Called for friendly dialogue among all types of Christians

Question 31

Gaudium Et Spes

Answer 31

“Joy and Hope.” Calls for cautious dialogue between the church and modern thought

Question 32

Decree on the Liturgy

Answer 32

Says that the liturgy must include all faithful.

Question 33

What changes in Sunday worship did the Decree on the Liturgy bring about?

Answer 33

1. Mass is in the vernacular
2. Priest faces the people: Mass is a dialogue
3. Architectural guidelines encourage the idea that we are all at the table of God
4. Lay people serve as ministers: lectors, etc.
5. Cantors and choirs lead the people in singing the prayers

Question 34

Vernacular

Answer 34

In the language of the people

Question 35

Liturgy

Answer 35

Worship service; “the work of the people”