Chapters 23-30 Test Flashcards

0
Q

What were two types of decrees from the Lateran Councils? Give an example of each.

A
  • Reform of the Church [ex: fighting simony, priest marriage]
  • Reform of the society [ex: excommunicating counterfeiters, condemning the use of the catapult]
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1
Q

Where were the first three universities?

A

Paris, Oxford, and Bologna

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2
Q

What are 3 types of symbolism in Gothic churches?

A
  1. Verticality: draws the eyes up to heaven
  2. Light shining into darkness
  3. Cruciform floor plan
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3
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Submission

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4
Q

Koran/Q’ran

A

Muslim holy book

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5
Q

Mohammed

A

Prophet of Allah, began Islam

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6
Q

The one God of the Muslims

A

Allah

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7
Q

What was the state of Arabia during Mohammed’s time?

A

Clans were constantly at war.

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8
Q

Jihad

A

Holy war; how Muslims spread their religion

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9
Q

What was the effect of the spread of Islam on Christianity?

A

Eastern and Western Christians lost contact and grew apart.

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10
Q

What was the Eastern Church offended about about the Western Church?

A

The Western Church was saying Alleluiah during Lent.

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11
Q

Alleluiah

A

Rejoice! Hooray!

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12
Q

Lent

A

40 days of solemn preparation for Easter

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13
Q

Icons

A

Religious paintings which were heavily emphasized in a Eastern Christian tradition. The figures’ eyes were the focal points of the icons.

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14
Q

What was strange about icons in the way they represented Mary and Jesus?

A

Jesus was extremely tiny in proportion to Mary, but he looked like a little adult.

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15
Q

Theology

A

Study of God

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16
Q

What did Bernard of Chartres say?

A

“We are like dwarves standing on the shoulders of giants.” He was talking about thinkers of the past.

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17
Q

Anselm

A

Wrote the Ontological Proof, which used logic to “prove” the existence of God.

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18
Q

Sic et Non

A

“Yes and No.” It was a book written by Peter Abelard. In it, he uses logic to resolve apparent contradictions in the Scriptures and in the Father’s writings.

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19
Q

St. Thomas Aquinas

A

One of the most influential thinkers of his time. Very fat. Wrote Summa Theologiae.

20
Q

Summa Theologiae

A

“Summary of Theology”, a book by Thomas Aquinas

21
Q

Canon

A

Church laws

22
Q

Usury

A

The practice of charging interest for a loan of money. The church discouraged is because it was a way to take money from the poor.

23
Q

Innocent III

A

?

24
Q

What did the number of people who attended Lateran I say about society?

A

Europe no longer only consisted of subsistence farms.

25
Q

How effective were the Church’s efforts to reform things like simony and marriage of priests?

A

They were trying hard, but it didn’t go away. They kept having to re-address it.

26
Q

What weapon did the church condemn?

A

Catapult

27
Q

What kind of school was the school in Bologna?

A

Law school

28
Q

Why was the Lateran Council called that?

A

Held in Lateran Palace.

29
Q

What did Gratian create?

A

A collection of canon law.

30
Q

2 of the most powerful popes

A

Alexander III and Innocent III

31
Q

Excommunication

A

Cutting off a person from all sacraments

32
Q

Scholasticism

A

The use of logic to gain insight into faith

33
Q

What shows the rift between the Church’s teachings and the people’s understanding?

A

The Church said marriage is a holy life. But nobles would get married, have kids, and then retire separately to monasteries and convents because they thought monasticism was the only real holy life.

34
Q

Relic

A

Physical objects as signs of divine power

35
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a place associated with someone or something important

36
Q

Hostel

A

Hotels for pilgrims to stay the night for a small fee

37
Q

Infidels

A

Unbelievers. What the Christians called the Muslims

38
Q

St. Dominic de Guzman

A

Asked for permission to start the Order of the Preachers

39
Q

Order of Preachers

A

Dominicans

40
Q

John Bernadoni

A

St. Francis. Started the Mendicants and Order of Friars Minor.

41
Q

Mendicants and Order of Friars Minor.

A

Franciscans

42
Q

Mendicants

A

Begging men

43
Q

Cloister

A

Living behind walls to symbolize being apart from the world.

44
Q

Conversion

A

The new willingness of baptized Christians to change their lives

45
Q

Avignon

A

Where the papacy moved and became puppets of the King.

46
Q

Catherine of Sienna

A

Her writing of The Dialogue gained her Doctor of the Church title. She challenged the pope and cardinals to leave Avignon and go back to Rome, they obeyed, then turned around, and then she convinced them again.

47
Q

Conciliarism

A

The rule of the Church by councils rather than popes.