Chapters 1-8 Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a role a nurse has in research?
A) Administering metoprolol to a patient with an elevated heart rate
B) Documenting in a new assessment form being piloted on the unit
C) Providing discharge education to a patient with new-onset diabetes
D) Using a second nurse to verify a dose of insulin before administration
B) Documenting in a new assessment form being piloted on the unit
This helps in collecting research information about the new form so it can be modified or altered to maximize its efficiency and accuracy for nurses.
The other three answers describe the normal nursing practice and do not generate data for a study or describe a new concept that is being tested.
Which statement is true regarding Systematic Review studies?
A) The researchers gather the data directly through experimentation
B) Compiles data from multiple studies around one topic
C) Studies focused on solving local problems
D) Primarily involves qualitative research
B) Compiles data from multiple studies around one topic
The researchers of a systematic review gather data from other sources, and a systematic review is known as a secondary type of research study. A systematic review is not a local research study, and a systematic review uses both qualitative and quantitative studies, though primarily quantitative studies are used.
A nursing student does not wear gloves when giving intravenous medications because it was learned through watching a preceptor perform the procedure this way. Which source of knowledge explains this behavior? A) Disciplined Research B) Clinical experience C) Trial and Error D) Authority
D) Authority
Authority is when nurses base practice on what a seasoned person, textbook, or instructor does or tells them.
Disciplined research is ideal and uses evidence to support practice.
Clinical experience is subjective and is not generalizable.
Trial and error would involve trying several interventions to see if one worked better.
Which of the following is a factor of the positivist paradigm? A) deductive process B) emphasis on the whole C) focus on the subjective D) seeks an in-depth understanding
A) deductive process
The other three answers are related to the constructivist paradigm.
The researcher performs a study to determine the effect of haloperidol in managing delirium. Which research purpose does this study reflect? A) Prognosis B) Diagnosis C) Therapy D) Meaning
C) Therapy
Therapy/Intervention studies measure the ability of an intervention to help a health problem.
Prognosis studies look at a health condition and examine the effect of another health issue on its outcomes. Diagnostic studies examine the efficacy of a tool for screening or diagnosis for a health problem.
Meaning studies examine the patient’s perspective through a health problem or event.
Which of the following are important to incorporate evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply) A) clinical expertise B) patient preferences C) local circumstances D) authority
A) clinical expertise
B) patient preferences
C) local circumstances
The goal of EBP is to reduce the reliance on custom, authority, or ritual.
Which evidence type is emphasized by the Cochrane Collaboration? A) systematic reviews B) randomized controlled trials C) quality improvement studies D) pilot studies
A) systematic reviews
The Cochrane Collaboration sought to make the findings from research easily accessible, and a systematic review combines the results of numerous studies together.
Randomized controlled trials are rigorous studies that can provide strong evidence but are still individual studies.
Quality improvement studies are geared towards hospital improvement and are not required to be published or to generate knowledge for research.
Pilot studies are small-scale studies to test an intervention before doing it on a larger scale and by themselves do not generate knowledge for research.
What study type interprets and integrates the results of multiple qualitative studies? A) quality improvement project B) phenomenological study C) meta-synthesis D) meta-analysis
C) meta-synthesis
A meta-analysis analyzes the results of multiple quantitative studies.
A phenomenological study is a type of qualitative study.
A quality improvement project is not a result of multiple qualitative studies.
Which of the following is a part of the PICO process? A) Prevention B) Interpretation C) Collaboration D) Outcome
D) Outcome
P = patient or population I = intervention C = comparison or current practice O = outcome
Which of the following is a component of appraising evidence? A) Sample size B) Magnitude of effects C) Strengths and limitations D) Ethical considerations
B) Magnitude of effects
Other examples include evidence quality, precision of estimates, peripheral effects, financial costs, and clinical relevance.
Sample size, strengths and limitations, and ethical considerations are all components of a research study but are not used individually as evidence appraisal tools.
“Evidence makes pretty people feel catty”
Which term is exclusive to quantitative research? A) study participant B) researcher C) variables D) data
C) variables
Variables are exclusive to quantitative research. The other terms are used with both types of research.
A researcher investigated the effects of haloperidol on reducing delirium in the intensive care unit. What is the dependent variable? A) haloperidol B) delirium C) intensive care unit D) researcher
B) delirium
The independent variable or change is haloperidol. The dependent variable or outcome is delirium.
The ICU and researcher are not variables in the study.
A researcher measured stress levels numerically between a group of nursing students versus a group of accounting students. What type of study is this? A) observational B) clinical trial C) ethnographic D) grounded theory
A) observational
The study does not introduce an intervention or change. It measures stress between two groups of individuals and would be a non-experimental study or an observational study.
A clinical trial would have an intervention.
Ethnographic and grounded theory are qualitative studies.
Which of the following is a component of the conceptual phase of conducting a quantitative study? A) data collection B) data analysis C) review of literature D) dissemination of findings
C) review of literature
The review of literature is part of the conceptual phase. Data collection is part of the empirical phase. Data analysis is part of the analytic phase, and dissemination of findings is part of the dissemination phase.
What is one difference between qualitative and quantitative research? A) Addressing ethical issues B) Identifying a research problem C) Collecting Data D) Sample size determination
D) Sample size determination
The sample in a quantitative study is defined before the study begins, but in a qualitative study the sample size is determined after data saturation occurs.
Both studies have to address ethical issues, identify a research problem, and collect some form of data. The type of data is different, but without data neither would be a research study.
