chapter8 Flashcards
What are the units of measurement for tangential speed? For rotational speed?
m/s for tangential, RPM for rotational
On a rotating turntable, how do tangential speed and rotational speed vary with distance from the center?
Tangential speed increases with distance. Rotational speed is constant.
Rotational inertia about the midpoint of an object becomes greater with _______.
increased mass and increased distance to mass concentration
Inertia depends on mass; rotational inertia depends on mass and something else. What?
The distribution of mass about the axis of rotation
How does the lever arm change if you decrease the angle of the force?
It decreases
How does the lever arm change when you decrease the distance to the nut?
it decreases
How does the force needed to turn the wrench change if you increase the lever arm?
it decreases
What does a torque tend to do to an object?
Torque tends to twist or change the state of rotation of the object.
What is meant by the “lever arm” of a torque?
It is the perpendicular distance from the rotational axis to the line along which the force acts.
How do clockwise and counterclockwise torques compare when a system is balanced?
They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
The center of gravity of a basketball is located _______.
at its geometrical center
If you toss a stick into the air, it appears to wobble all over the place. Specifically, about what place does it wobble?
It will rotate about the center of mass.
What is the relationship between the center of gravity and the support base for an object that is in stable equilibrium?
A vertical line through the center of gravity must pass inside the support base of the object
Why doesn’t the Leaning Tower of Pisa topple over?
A vertical line through the center of gravity passes inside its support base
When a rock tied to a string is whirled in a horizontal circle, doubling the speed _______.
quadruples the tension in the string
When you whirl a can at the end of a string in a circular path, what is the direction of the force you exert on the can?
Toward the center of the circle
If the string that holds a whirling can in its circular path breaks, what kind of force causes it to move in a straight- line path: centripetal, centrifugal, or no force? What law of physics supports your answer?
No force; Newton’s first law
If you are not wearing a seat belt in a car that rounds a curve, and you slide across your seat and slam against a car door, what kind of force is responsible for your slide: centripetal, centrifugal, or no force?
There is no force as viewed by someone outside the car. To them you move in a straight line
Why is centrifugal force in a rotating frame called a “fictitious force”?
It is not a fundamental force of nature. Instead, it is a force that only appears in an accelerating frame of reference
How can gravity be simulated in an orbiting space station?
- Rotate a cylinder to create centrifugal force as viewed by a person on the inside of the curved outer wall
- Spin two pods connected by a cable
- Spin a station shaped like a bicycle wheel
Distinguish between linear momentum and angular momentum
Angular momentum depends on the distribution of mass, whereas linear momentum depends on the total mass.
What is the law of inertia for rotating systems in terms of angular momentum?
Angular momentum does not change without an applied external torque.
Consider someone in a rotating space habitat. Rotational motion provides
a support force
What is required to change the angular momentum of a system?
external torque
When the rotational speed of a rotating system doubles, its angular momentum _______.
doubles
If a skater who is spinning pulls her arms in so as to reduce her rotational inertia by half, by how much will her angular momentum change? By how much will her rate of spin change?
Her angular momentum does not change. Her spin rate doubles