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chapter11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun?

A

most are older than the sun

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2
Q

Why can’t atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?

A

Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light

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3
Q

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam?

A

The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom

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4
Q

What are the five most common elements in humans?

A

C, H, O, N, CA

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5
Q

How are most of the elements with nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed?

A

nuclear fusion in stars

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6
Q

What is the most abundant element in the known universe?

A

hydrogen

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7
Q

What element has the lightest atoms?

A

hydrogen

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8
Q

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don’t we fall through a floor we stand on?

A

Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.

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9
Q

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?

A

it is equal and opposite

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10
Q

What is meant by the term nucleon?

A

a proton or neutron

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11
Q

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of?

A

in the nucleus as protons and neutrons

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12
Q

Which of the following are negatively charged?

A

electrons

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13
Q

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element?

A

the number of protons in its nucleus

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14
Q

How does one isotope differ from another?

A

has a different number of neutrons

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15
Q

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

A

Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom

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16
Q

What is a mixture? Cite two examples

A

Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

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17
Q

Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine?

A

The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.

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18
Q

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus?

A

gold

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19
Q

What is the evidence that dark matter exists?

A

Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.

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20
Q

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet?

A

They annihilate each other

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21
Q

Dark matter is considered to be __________.

A

plentiful in the universe

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22
Q

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________.

A

negative

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23
Q

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________.

A

three

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24
Q

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

A

the same age

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25
Q

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are

A

mostly empty space themselves

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26
Q

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each

A

single breath

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27
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

28
Q

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is

A

both of these

29
Q

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would

A

still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

30
Q

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by

A

thermonuclear fusion

31
Q

Which of the following are electrically neutral?

A

neutrons

32
Q

An element is distinct because of its number of

A

protons

33
Q

Which is the smallest particle?

A

quark

34
Q

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don’t fall through the floor because

A

of electrical forces

35
Q

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is

A

electrical force

36
Q

Atomic number refers to the number of

A

protons in the nucleus

37
Q

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of

A

orbital electrons

38
Q

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?

A

lead

39
Q

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?

A

uranium

40
Q

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces

A

beryllium

41
Q

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their

A

electrons

42
Q

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is

A

16x as great

43
Q

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it?

A

2

44
Q

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more

A

electric charge

45
Q

An isotope is simply an atom that

A

has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.

46
Q

A nucleon has a mass of about

A

both are the same

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a compound?

A

air

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

A

none

49
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance’s chemical properties

50
Q

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is

A

released by the reaction

51
Q

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6?

A

24

52
Q

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is

A

999 grams

53
Q

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor?

A

no

54
Q

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

A

radon

55
Q

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

A

gains

56
Q

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

A

loses

57
Q

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of

A

high atomic number

58
Q

Mass number refers to the number of

A

nucleons in the nucleus

59
Q

What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?

A

18 amu

60
Q

The mass of matter is due mostly to its

A

protons

61
Q

The volume of matter is due mostly to its

A

electrons

62
Q

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?

A

uranium

63
Q

What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion?

A

collisions with invisible molecules

64
Q

Who first explained Brownian motion and made a convincing case for the existence of atoms?

A

albert einstein

65
Q

Which of the following is an inert gas?

A

helium

66
Q

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule?

A

two

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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