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chapter12 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline (amorphous) substance?

A

Atoms in crystals are in an ordered array. In amorphous materials, they are randomly distributed.

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2
Q

Which of the following has the greatest density?

A

gold

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3
Q

Which is denser: an object that has a density of 1000 kg/m3 or one that has a density of 1 g/cm3?

A

they’re the same density

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4
Q

Iridium is not the heaviest atom found in nature. What, then, accounts for a chunk of pure iridium being the densest substance on Earth?

A

The iridium atoms are closer together in the crystalline form.

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5
Q

What is the mass density of water? What is the weight density of water?

A

1000 kg/m3; 9800 N/m3

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6
Q

According to Hooke’s law, if you double the force when stretching a spring, the elongation of the spring is normally __________.

A

twice as much

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7
Q

Why do we say that a spring is elastic?

A

When deformed, it returns to its original shape.

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8
Q

Why do we say that a blob of putty is inelastic?

A

When deformed, it does not return to its original shape.

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9
Q

If a 1-kg object stretches a spring by 2 cm, then how much will the spring be stretched when it supports a 3-kg object? (Assume the spring does not reach its elastic limit.)

A

6 cm

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10
Q

Distinguish between tension and compression

A

A pulled-apart object is in tension; a pushed-together one is in compression.

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11
Q

Why are the cross-sections of metal beams in the shape of the letter I instead of solid rectangles?

A

To reduce the weight of the beam while preserving the resistance to bending

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12
Q

Is it tension or compression that strengthens an arch that supports a load?

A

compression

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13
Q

Why aren’t vertical columns needed to support the middle of domed stadiums, such as the Houston Astrodome?

A

The weight produces compression that supports the dome.

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14
Q

The name given to the shape of a sagging rope supported at its ends is a __________.

A

catenary

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15
Q

Which of the following is stronger per bodyweight?

A

an ant

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16
Q

What does the strength of a person’s arm usually depend on?

A

cross-sectional area

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17
Q

Which requires more food daily: an elephant or a mouse? Which requires more food per unit of body weight: an elephant or a mouse?

A

elephant, mouse

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18
Q

Why can small creatures fall considerable distances without injury, while people need parachutes to do the same?

A

A small creature has greater surface area per unit mass, so air resistance slows it more when it falls.

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19
Q

If a loaf of bread is compressed its

A

density increases

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20
Q

Compared to a bar of pure gold, the density of a pure gold ring is

A

the same

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21
Q

Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is

A

more

22
Q

If the mass of an object were doubled while its volume remained the same, its density would

A

double

23
Q

The density of a 2-cubic meter block of mass of 1000 kg is

A

500 kg/m3

24
Q

A metal block has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 1 cubic centimeter. A piece of the same kind of metal with a volume of 2 cubic centimeters has a density of

A

5 g/cm3

25
Q

An iron block in a furnace is heated and consequently expands, which means that its density is

A

less

26
Q

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a volume of 2 cubic meters. What is the block’s mass?

A

10,000 kg

27
Q

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a mass of 15,000 kg. What is its volume?

A

3 cubic meters

28
Q

A strong spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended block. If the block’s weight is doubled, the spring will stretch to

A

20 cm

29
Q

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the bottom part of the beam undergoes

A

tension

30
Q

You wish to drill a hole through a horizontal I-beam supporting a bridge. To weaken the beam the least drill the hole through the

A

web

31
Q

Stone slabs are stronger under

A

compression

32
Q

The strength of a rope depends on its

A

thickness

33
Q

Doubling the thickness (diameter) of a rope will multiply its strength by

A

4

34
Q

The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is a

A

catenary

35
Q

The strength of a beam is most related to its

A

cross section

36
Q

A creature that is scaled up in size, keeping its proportions,

A

will be weaker relative to its greater weight

37
Q

In cold weather, your hands will be warmer if you wear

A

mittens

38
Q

If you bake cupcakes as directed for a cake, the cupcakes will be

A

over-baked

39
Q

Which has more volume, a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of aluminum?

A

aluminum

40
Q

Which has more mass, a liter of ice or a liter of water?

A

liter of water

41
Q

An elephant radiates less heat for its size than smaller animals because

A

its radiating area is small compared to its volume.

42
Q

If each dimension of a steel bridge is scaled up ten times, its strength will be multiplied by about

A

one hundred, and its weight by one thousand.

43
Q

Which geometrical shape has the least surface area for a given volume?

A

sphere

44
Q

A weightless spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended 1-kg block. If two such springs are used to suspend the block, one spring above the other, to effectively provide one double-length spring, then the total stretch of the double-length spring will be

A

20 cm

45
Q

A spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended 1-kg block. If two such springs side-by-side are used to suspend the 1-kg block, each spring will then stretch

A

5 cm

46
Q

An un-stretched hanging spring is 50 cm long. Suspending a 100-N block from it increases its length to 60 cm. Adding another 100-N block makes the spring’s length

A

70 cm

47
Q

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the top part of the beam undergoes

A

compression

48
Q

The weight of a 1-centimer cubed metal cube scaled up by a factor of 10 will be

A

a thousands times as much

49
Q

Suppose you put a chocolate layer on pieces of candy. Compared with the amount of chocolate used to cover 1 pound of large pieces, if you cover 1 pound of smaller pieces you’ll use

A

more chocolate

50
Q

A 1-centimeter cubed sugar cube scaled up by a factor of 10 has a volume of

A

1000 cm3

51
Q

A 1-centimeter cubed sugar cube scaled up by a factor of 10 has a total surface area of

A

600 cm2

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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