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chapter13 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does pressure relate to force?

A

Pressure is force per unit area.

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2
Q

How does pressure at the bottom of a body of water relate to the weight of water above each square meter of the bottom surface?

A

The pressure is the weight of the water divided by 1 m2

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3
Q

If you swim beneath the surface in saltwater, will the pressure be greater than in fresh water at the same depth?

A

the pressure will be greater

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4
Q

How does the water pressure 1 m below the surface of a small pond compare with the water pressure 1 m below the surface of a huge lake?

A

the pressure will be the same

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5
Q

Water pressure in a lake is greater __________.

A

at the bottom

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6
Q

How does the buoyant force on a submerged object compare with the weight of the water displaced?

A

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced.

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7
Q

What is the mass of 1 L of water? What is its weight in newtons?

A

1 kg; 10 N

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8
Q

If an object suspended by a scale shows a weight of 3 N in air, and 2 N when submerged in water, the buoyant force on the submerged object is __________.

A

1 N

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9
Q

Is the buoyant force on a submerged object equal to the weight of the object itself or is it equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?

A

It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

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10
Q

What is the condition in which the buoyant force on an object does equal the weight of the object?

A

The object is neutrally buoyant, so it will neither sink nor float.

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11
Q

How is the density of a fish controlled? How is the density of a submarine controlled?

A

A fish changes its volume, whereas a submarine changes its weight.

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12
Q

How much air must a 100-ton blimp displace to float and neither rise nor sink?

A

100 tons

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13
Q

What is the cause of surface tension?

A

molecular attraction

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14
Q

A block of aluminum with a volume of 10 cm3 is placed in a beaker of water filled to the brim. Water overflows. The same is done in another beaker with a 10-cm3 block of lead. Does the lead displace more, less, or the same amount of water?

A

same amount

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15
Q

A block of aluminum with a mass of 1 kg is placed in a beaker of water filled to the brim. Water overflows. The same is done in another beaker with a 1-kg block of lead. Does the lead displace more, less, or the same amount of water?

A

less

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16
Q

Which will remain the same for two identical books, one lying flat and the other standing on an end?

A

weight

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17
Q

When you stand with only one of your feet on a weighing scale, the scale reading is

A

same as with both feet

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18
Q

Water pressure on a submerged object is greatest against its

A

bottom

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19
Q

A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top mainly because

A

water pressure increases with depth

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20
Q

The pressure in a liquid depends on liquid

A

density and depth

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21
Q

The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does NOT depend on

A

surface area of the water

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22
Q

The mass of a cubic meter of water is

A

1000 kg

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23
Q

When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out with the greatest speed from the hole closest to

A

the bottom of the tower

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24
Q

The volume of water displaced by a floating 20-ton boat

A

is the volume of 20 tons of water

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25
Q

When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float

A

higher in the water

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26
Q

Buoyant force is greater on a submerged

A

1-kg block of aluminum.

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27
Q

Buoyant force is greater on a submerged 1-cubic centimeter block of

A

same on lead and aluminum

28
Q

Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats, which means its density is

A

less than the density of water

29
Q

Compared to the density of water, the density of a fish is

A

the same

30
Q

A lobster crawls onto a bathroom scale on the ocean floor. Its weight compared to its weight above the surface is

A

less

31
Q

An egg rests at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. When salt is slowly added to the water the egg rises and floats, from which we conclude

A
  • salt water is denser than an egg

- salt water is denser than fresh water

32
Q

The reason a life jacket helps keep you afloat is

A

the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone

33
Q

A mountain that floats on the mantle indicates that the density of the mantle is

A

greater than that of the mountain

34
Q

If you float a piece of wood in a container brim-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, some water will spill. Then the weight reading on the scale will

A

remain unchanged

35
Q

The amount of water displaced by a liter-sized block of ordinary wood floating in water is

A

less than 1 liter

36
Q

When you float in fresh water, the buoyant force that acts on you is equal to your weight. When you float higher in the denser water of the Dead Sea, the buoyant force that acts on you is

A

equal to your weight

37
Q

Surface tension is a direct result of

A

cohesive forces between molecules in a liquid.

38
Q

The concept of pressure involves both

A

force and area

39
Q

A hospital patient confined to bed will be less likely to develop bed sores with a

A

water bed

40
Q

One liter of water has a mass of

A

1 kilogram

41
Q

While standing, your blood pressure is normally greatest in your

A

feet

42
Q

Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because

A

pressure against its bottom is greater than pressure against its top.

43
Q

Two life preservers have identical volumes, but one is filled with Styrofoam while the other is filled with sand. When the two life preservers are fully submerged, the buoyant force is greater on the one filled with

A

same on each as long as their volumes are the same

44
Q

A person floats higher in the dense water of the Dead Sea because

A

less volume of water is displaced

45
Q

What is the relationship between liquid pressure and the depth of a liquid? Between liquid pressure and weight density?

A

Pressure is proportional to both depth and weight density

46
Q

Why does the buoyant force act upward on an object submerged in water?

A

The pressure upward on the deeper bottom is greater than the downward pressure on the top.

47
Q

Why isn’t there a horizontal buoyant force on a submerged object?

A

Force vectors on the sides cancel one another

48
Q

How does the volume of a completely submerged object compare with the volume of water displaced?

A

the volumes are equal

49
Q

If a 1-L container is immersed halfway into water, what is the volume of the water displaced? What is the buoyant force on the container?

A

0.5 L displaced, 5 N buoyant force

50
Q

Does the buoyant force on a submerged object depend on the volume of the object or on the weight of the object?

A

volume

51
Q

What will these objects do in water: an object denser than water, an object less dense than water, an object that has the same density as water.

A

Sink, float, neither float nor sink

52
Q

What happens to the pressure in all parts of a confined fluid if the pressure in one part is increased?

A

The pressure everywhere increases by the same amount

53
Q

What geometrical shape has the smallest surface area for a given volume?

A

sphere

54
Q

Surface tension is caused by __________.

A

molecular attractions

55
Q

A completely submerged object always displaces its own

A

volume of fluid

56
Q

The buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean is

A

10 tons

57
Q

What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship?

A

100 tons

58
Q

A scale from which a rock is suspended reads 5 N when the rock is out of water and 3 N when the rock is submerged. Buoyant force on the rock is

A

2 N

59
Q

A fish normally displaces its own

A
  • volume of water

- weight of water

60
Q

The attraction between like substances, stickiness, is called

A

cohesion

61
Q

The attraction between unlike substances is called

A

adhesion

62
Q

If you float a piece of wood in a container half-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, the weight reading on the scale will

A

increase

63
Q

Compared to an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float

A

lower in the water

64
Q

An ice cube floating in a glass of water contains many air bubbles. When the ice melts, the water level will

A

remain unchanged

65
Q

Surface tension of liquids

A

decreases as the liquid temperature increases.

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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