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physics 1310 > chapter6 > Flashcards

chapter6 Flashcards

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1
Q

A slowly moving ship can have a greater momentum than a fast-moving racing car when _______.

  • its mass is greater than the mass of the car
  • it drifts toward a distant port.
  • its speed is greater than the speed of the car.
  • its mass times velocity is greater than that of the car.
A

its mass times velocity is greater than that of the car.

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2
Q

A slowly moving ship can have a greater momentum than a fast-moving racing car when _______.

A

its mass times velocity is greater than that of the car.

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3
Q

The quantity that is called impulse can be measured by the _______.

A

product of force and time.

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4
Q

Distinguish between force and impulse.

A

Impulse is force times a time interval.

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5
Q

An impulse can be increased by

A

increasing the force or increasing the time interval

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6
Q

How is the impulse -momentum relationship related to Newton’s second law?

A

F=ma=mΔv/Δt
, so
Ft=Δ(mv)

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7
Q

When a cannonball is fired from a cannon, the momentum of the recoiling cannon is momentarily _______.

A

equal and opposite to the momentum of the fired cannonball

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8
Q

When a cue ball strikes an 8 ball head-on in a game of pool, the cue ball _______.

A

transfers its momentum to the 8 ball.

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9
Q

When two vehicles collide, momentum is conserved _______.

A

whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

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10
Q

When a big fish swims into an oncoming smaller fish and swallows it, the momentum of the two-fish system _______.

A

remains the same

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11
Q

Is it correct to say that, if no net impulse is exerted on a system, then no change in the momentum of the system will occur?

A

Yes, always

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12
Q

When a falling firecracker explodes, the momenta of its pieces _______.

A

vectorally add up to equal the initial momentum of the firecracker

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13
Q

In which is momentum conserved: an elastic collision or an inelastic collision?

A

Momentum is conserved in elastic and inelastic collisions.

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14
Q

Railroad car A rolls at a certain speed and makes a perfectly elastic collision with car B of the same mass. After the collision, car A is observed to be at rest. How does the speed of car B compare with the initial speed of car A?

A

The speed of car B is equal to the initial speed of A.

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15
Q

If the equally massive cars of the preceding question stick together after colliding inelastically, how does their speed after the collision compare with the initial speed of car A?

A

Their speed is half the initial speed of car A.

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16
Q

Which has the greater momentum when moving?

A

either of these depending on speed

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17
Q

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth’s surface?

A

a pickup truck speeding along a highway

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18
Q

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is

A

twice.

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19
Q

A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has a greater

A

momentum

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20
Q

The speed of a 4-kg ball with a momentum of 12 kg m/s is

A

3 m/s

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21
Q

The mass of a ball moving at 3 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg m/s is

A

16 kg

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22
Q

If several balls are thrown straight up with different initial speeds, the quantity that will have the same value along their paths is their

A

acceleration

23
Q

A motorcycle of mass 100 kilograms slowly rolls off the edge of a cliff and falls for three seconds before reaching the bottom of a gully. Its momentum upon hitting the ground is

A

3,000 kg m/s.

24
Q

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to

A

a corresponding change in momentum

25
Q

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter

A

lengthened time of contact

26
Q

Compared with falling on a stone floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because the

A

stopping time is longer on the carpet.

27
Q

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground, which makes the time of the contact about 10 times that of a stiff-legged landing. In this way the average force your body experiences is

A

about 1/10 as great.

28
Q

If you can’t avoid being hit by a fast-moving object, you’ll suffer a smaller contact force if you can extend that force over a

A

longer time

29
Q

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the stopping force is

A

greater with the brick wall

30
Q

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the impulse is

A

both the same

31
Q

A cannon recoils while firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon’s recoil is relatively small because the

A

cannon has much more mass than the cannonball

32
Q

A tiny gun made of a strong but very light material fires a bullet more massive than the gun itself. For such a weapon

A

the target would be safer than the shooter

33
Q

A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the same amount of time. Compared with the force that stops the car, the force needed to stop the truck is

A

greater

34
Q

The average braking force of a 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s braking to a stop in 5 s is

A

2000 N

35
Q

As Bronco Brown steps off a hovering high-flying helicopter and falls through the air, he experiences

A
  • an impulse.
  • a decreasing acceleration.
  • an increasing speed
36
Q

When Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard, the speed of the skateboard

A

decreases

37
Q

Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard. The reason he doesn’t slip off the skateboard is due to

A

friction between his feet and the board.

38
Q

You’re driving down the highway and a bug spatters into your windshield. Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact?

A

both the same

39
Q

An astronaut floating alone in outer space throws a baseball. If the ball moves away at 20 m/s, the astronaut will

A

move in the opposite direction at a lower speed

40
Q

Two billiard balls having the same mass and speed roll toward each other. What is their combined momentum after they meet?

A

zero

41
Q

An open freight car rolls friction free along a horizontal track in a pouring rain that falls vertically. As water accumulates in the car, the car’s speed

A

decreases

42
Q

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of

A

1 kg m/s.

43
Q

A 2-kg rifle that is suspended by strings fires a 0.01-kg bullet at 200 m/s. The recoil velocity of the rifle is about

A

1 m/s.

44
Q

A 5000-kg freight car moving at 2 m/s collides with a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move away at

A

2/3 m/s.

45
Q

A 5000-kg freight car collides with a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move at 2 m/s. What was the initial speed of the 5000-kg car?

A

6 m/s

46
Q

A red car has a head-on collision with an approaching blue car with the same magnitude of momentum. A green car driving with the same momentum as the other cars collides with an enormously massive wall. Which of the three cars will experience the greatest impulse?

A

all the same

47
Q

Two vehicles with equal magnitudes of momentum traveling at right angles to each other undergo an inelastic collision. The combined wreck moves in a direction

A

at 45 degrees to the direction of either car before collision.

48
Q

When a vertically falling firecracker bursts, the vector sum of momentum fragments

A
  • in the horizontal direction cancels to zero.

- in the vertical direction equals the momentum of the firecracker before bursting

49
Q

A cannonball following a parabolic path explodes into fragments. The momentum of the fragments

A

continue along the path as if the explosion didn’t occur

50
Q 
What is the magnitude of the impulse on an 7.2-
kg
 ball rolling at 3.0 
m/s
when it bumps into a pillow and stops?
A

22 Ns

51
Q

If a monkey floating in outer space throws his hat away, the hat and the monkey will both

A

move away from each other, but at different speeds.

52
Q

A 5-kg shark swimming at 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming toward it at 4 m/s. The speed of the shark after his meal is

A

1/6 m/s.

53
Q

Two identical objects in outer space, one moving at 2 m/s, the other at 1 m/s, have a head-on collision and stick together. Their combined speed after the collision is

A

0.5 m/s.

54
Q

Two vehicles with equal magnitudes of momentum traveling at right angles to each other undergo an inelastic collision. The magnitude of momentum for the combined wreck is

A

greater than the magnitude of momentum of either car before collision.

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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