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chapter2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What relationship between the Sun and Earth did Copernicus formulate?

A

The Earth revolved in a circle about the Sun.

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2
Q

What did Galileo discover in his legendary experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

A

Galileo found that a heavier stone does not fall significantly faster than a lighter one.

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3
Q

What did Galileo discover about moving bodies and force in his experiments with inclined planes?

A

In the absence of a retarding force, a body will keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line forever.

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4
Q

Newton said that something was needed to change the motion of an object. A clear reading of his first law tells us that what is needed is ______.

A

a non-zero net force

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5
Q

What is the net force when a pair of 5-N forces simultaneously act in the same direction on an object?

A

10 N

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6
Q

Which of Newton’s laws does the equilibrium rule illustrate?

A

Newton’s first law

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7
Q

If while riding in a smooth-riding train, you toss a coin upward, the coin will normally land ______.

A

in your hand

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8
Q

What is the net force on a cart that is pulled to the right with 100 pounds of force and to the left with 30 pounds of force?

A

The net force is 70 pounds to the right.

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9
Q

Why do we say that force is a vector quantity?

A

A force has a magnitude and a direction.

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10
Q

According to the parallelogram rule, what quantity is represented by the diagonal of a constructed parallelogram?

A

The diagonal is the resultant, or sum, of two vectors

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11
Q

What is the resultant of a pair of one pound forces at right angles to each other?

A

The resultant is a force of 1.41 pounds in a direction bisecting the 90-degree angle between the two vectors.

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12
Q

What are the units for force?

A

Force can be expressed in newtons or pounds.

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13
Q

What does it mean to say something is in mechanical equilibrium?

A

An object in mechanical equilibrium experiences a zero net force.

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14
Q

Consider a book that weighs 15 N at rest on a flat table. How many newtons of support force does the table exert on the book?

A

15 N up

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15
Q

The earliest and most influential Greek philosopher was Aristotle, who among many contributions taught that

A
  • the four elements are earth, water, air, and fire.
  • violent motion requires a sustained push or pull.
  • all motion is either natural or violent.
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16
Q

Science later greatly advanced when Galileo favored

A

experiment over philosophical discussions.

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17
Q

The first scientist to introduce the concept of inertia was

A

galileo

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18
Q

Inertia is defined as a

A

property of matter

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19
Q

If no external forces act on a moving object, it will

A

continue moving at the same speed.

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20
Q

When no forces act on moving objects their paths are normally

A

straight lines

21
Q

If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in

A

a straight-line path.

22
Q

A package falls off a truck that is moving at 30 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal speed of the package just before it hits the ground is

A

about 30 m/s.

23
Q

When a rocket ship gaining speed in outer space runs out of fuel, it

A

no longer gains speed

24
Q

A moving van with a stone lightly glued to the midpoint of its ceiling smoothly moves at constant velocity. When the glue gives way, the stone falls and hits the floor

A

exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling.

25
Q

Two students engaged in a tug-of-war each pull a rope in opposite directions with a force of 400 N. The net force on the rope is

A

zero and rope tension is 400 N.

26
Q

A force is a vector quantity because it has both

A

magnitude and direction.

27
Q

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A

none

28
Q

A block pulled to the left with 15 N and to the right with 5 N at the same time experiences a net force of

A

10 N

29
Q

When a pair of 10-N forces act on a box of candy, the net force on the box is

A

Any of the above depending on the directions of forces

30
Q

The resultant of a 40-N force at right angles to a 30-N force is

A

50N

31
Q

The net force on any object in equilibrium is

A

zero

32
Q

The equilibrium rule, F = 0, applies to

A
  • objects or systems at rest.

- objects or systems in uniform motion in a straight line

33
Q

The equilibrium rule applies to

A

vector quantities

34
Q

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is

A

10N

35
Q

The support force on a 10-N book at rest on a table is

A

10N

36
Q

The support force on a 30-kg dog sleeping on the floor is

A

about 300 N.

37
Q

A gymnast performing somersaults in a high-flying plane moving at constant velocity needs to make

A

no adjustments

38
Q

A bird sitting on the limb of a tree is moving about 30 km/s with respect to the Sun. If the bird takes 1 second to drop down to a worm below, the worm would be 30 km downrange from the bird when it reached the ground. This faulty reasoning is best countered with Newton’s

A

law of inertia

39
Q

Stand next to a wall that travels at 30 km/s relative to the Sun. With your feet on the ground, you also travel at the same 30 km/s. Do you maintain this speed when your feet leave the ground? What concept supports your answer?

A

When you jump, you continue to move at 30 km/s due to your inertia.

40
Q

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A
  • acceleration
  • momentum
  • velocity
  • displacement
  • force
41
Q

The amount of force needed to sustain motion of a rock in outer space is

A

none of these

42
Q

Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the tendency of the rock is to

A

follow a straight-line path.

43
Q

When you flick a card from beneath a coin that hardly moves, you’re illustrating

A

inertia

44
Q

Nellie pulls with a force of 50 N on a horizontal rope tied to a tree at rest. The net force on the rope is

A

zero and rope tension is 50 N.

45
Q

Earth continually moves about 30 km/s through space, which means the wall you stand next to also is moving at 30 km/s. When you jump vertically the wall doesn’t slam into you because

A

you’re moving horizontally just as fast as the wall.

46
Q

If Nellie hangs from a horizontal bar that is supported by four vertical ropes, the tension in the ropes

A

add to equal her weight

47
Q

When you stand at rest on a pair of bathroom scales, the reading on each scale

A

add up to equal your weight

48
Q

Galileo taught us that if you roll a ball along a level surface it will

A

keep rolling if friction is absent.

49
Q

If you toss a coin straight upward while in a train moving at constant velocity, the coin will land

A

as if you were at rest

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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