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physics 1310 > chapter4 > Flashcards

chapter4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Whenever a net force acts on an object, there is a change in the object’s _______.

A

velocity

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2
Q

How does acceleration depend on the net force?

A

Acceleration is proportional to the net force

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3
Q

When you push horizontally on a crate that doesn’t slide on a level floor, how great is the force of friction on the crate?

A

The friction force is equal and opposite to your push.

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4
Q

What is the weight of a 1-kilogram brick resting on a table?

A

10 N

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5
Q

State Newton’s second law of motion

A

Acceleration is proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass

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6
Q

If the mass of a sliding block is tripled while a constant net force is applied, by how much does the acceleration change?

A

The acceleration is reduced to 1/3 of its original value

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7
Q

How does the direction of acceleration compare with the direction of the net force that produces it?

A

The acceleration is in the direction of the net force

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8
Q

What is the condition for an object experiencing free fall?

A

When gravity is the only force acting on an object, it is in free fall.

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9
Q

Why doesn’t a heavy object accelerate more than a light object when both are freely falling?

A

The ratio of the weight to mass is the same for all objects in the same locality

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10
Q

As a skydiver gains speed in falling through the air, air resistance _______.

A

increases.

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11
Q

Air resistance on a parachutist at terminal speed _______.

A

is greater for a heavier person

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12
Q

What is the net force that acts on a 1-kg freely falling object?

A

10 N

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13
Q

What is the net force that acts on a 10-N falling object when it encounters 4 N of air resistance? When it encounters10 N of air resistance?

A

The net forces are 6 N and 0 N, respectively

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14
Q

Why does a heavy parachutist fall faster than a lighter parachutist who wears a parachute of the same size?

A

Terminal speed must be higher to make air drag equal the gravity force for a heavier person

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15
Q

Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration

A

is zero

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16
Q

If an apple experiences a constant net force, it will have a constant

A

acceleration

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17
Q

A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is

A

6 N

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18
Q

If you double the net force on an object, you’ll double its

A

acceleration

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19
Q

An object’s weight is properly expressed in units of

A

newtons

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20
Q

The mass of a pet turtle that weighs 10 N is about

A

1 kg

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21
Q

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much

A
  • inertia.
  • mass.
  • volume
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22
Q

In which case would you have the largest mass of gold? If your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the

A

moon

23
Q

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass?

A

the one on the Moon

24
Q

An apple weighs 1 N. When the apple is held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is

A

0 N

25
Q

An apple at rest weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is

A

1 N

26
Q

A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a twice-as-massive car, its maximum acceleration is

A

one third

27
Q

A heavy block at rest is suspended by a vertical rope. When the block accelerates upward by the rope, the rope tension

A

is greater than its weight

28
Q

A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What net force is exerted on the car?

A

2000 N

29
Q

A force of 1 N accelerates 1-kg box at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a 2-kg box by a net force of 2 N is

A

same

30
Q

The force required to maintain a constant velocity for an astronaut in free space is equal to

A

zero

31
Q

Neglecting friction, a small and a large block of ice begin sliding down an incline together. The larger block reaches the bottom

A

at the same time as the small block

32
Q

Phil stands at rest with both feet on a scale that reads 500 N. When he gently lifts one foot, the scale reads

A

500 N

33
Q

A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force of friction between the block and the surface?

A

6 N

34
Q

Suppose a particle is being accelerated through space by a 10-N force. Suddenly the particle encounters a second force of 10 N in the opposite direction. The particle with both forces acting

A

continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force

35
Q

A 1-kg rock that weighs 10 N is thrown straight upward at 20 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on it when it is half way to the top of its path is

A

10 N

36
Q

If more horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object

A

accelerates in the direction of the applied force

37
Q

Scotty Skydiver of mass 100 kg experiences air resistance of 500 N, and an acceleration of about

A

.5 g

38
Q

An object released from rest on another planet requires one second to fall a distance of 6 meters. What is the acceleration due to gravity on this planet?

A

12 m/s2

39
Q

A car traveling at 22 m/s comes to an abrupt halt in 0.1 second when it hits a tree. What is the deceleration of the car?

A

220 m/s2

40
Q

A 10-kilogram block with an initial velocity of 10 m/s slides 10 meters across a horizontal surface and comes to rest. It takes the block 2 seconds to stop. The stopping force acting on the block is about

A

50 N

41
Q

A 1000-kg automobile enters a freeway on-ramp at 20 m/s and accelerates uniformly up to 40 m/s in a time of 10 seconds. How far does the automobile travel during that time?

A

300 m

42
Q

An astronaut on another planet drops a 1-kg rock from rest and finds that it falls a vertical distance of 2.5 meters in one second. On this planet, the rock has a weight of

A

5 N

43
Q

What horizontally-applied force will accelerate a 400-kg crate at 1 m/s2 across a factory floor against a friction force half its weight?

A

2400 N

44
Q

A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg apple are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the brick is

A

10 times more than the force on the apple

45
Q

A single brick falls with acceleration g. The reason a double brick falls with the same acceleration is

A

its ratio of force to mass is the same

46
Q

Recall Galileo’s Leaning Tower experiment. With negligible air resistance, a heavy and a light object fall

A
  • with equal accelerations.
  • to the ground in equal times.
  • with the same increases in speed
47
Q

Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are frontal area and

A

speed

48
Q

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is

A

zero

49
Q

Two objects of the same size, but unequal weights are dropped from a tall tower. Taking air resistance into consideration, the object to hit the ground first will be the

A

heavier object

50
Q

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first?

A

light woman

51
Q

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to the ground first?

A

heavy man

52
Q

A coconut and a bird’s feather fall from a tree through the air to the ground below. The force of air resistance is

A

greater on the coconut

53
Q

A skydiver’s terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls

A

head first

54
Q

Once the crate is sliding, how hard do you push to keep it moving at constant velocity?

A

You push with a force equal to and opposite the dynamic friction force

physics 1310 (17 decks)

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