chapter4 Flashcards
Whenever a net force acts on an object, there is a change in the object’s _______.
velocity
How does acceleration depend on the net force?
Acceleration is proportional to the net force
When you push horizontally on a crate that doesn’t slide on a level floor, how great is the force of friction on the crate?
The friction force is equal and opposite to your push.
What is the weight of a 1-kilogram brick resting on a table?
10 N
State Newton’s second law of motion
Acceleration is proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass
If the mass of a sliding block is tripled while a constant net force is applied, by how much does the acceleration change?
The acceleration is reduced to 1/3 of its original value
How does the direction of acceleration compare with the direction of the net force that produces it?
The acceleration is in the direction of the net force
What is the condition for an object experiencing free fall?
When gravity is the only force acting on an object, it is in free fall.
Why doesn’t a heavy object accelerate more than a light object when both are freely falling?
The ratio of the weight to mass is the same for all objects in the same locality
As a skydiver gains speed in falling through the air, air resistance _______.
increases.
Air resistance on a parachutist at terminal speed _______.
is greater for a heavier person
What is the net force that acts on a 1-kg freely falling object?
10 N
What is the net force that acts on a 10-N falling object when it encounters 4 N of air resistance? When it encounters10 N of air resistance?
The net forces are 6 N and 0 N, respectively
Why does a heavy parachutist fall faster than a lighter parachutist who wears a parachute of the same size?
Terminal speed must be higher to make air drag equal the gravity force for a heavier person
Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration
is zero
If an apple experiences a constant net force, it will have a constant
acceleration
A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is
6 N
If you double the net force on an object, you’ll double its
acceleration
An object’s weight is properly expressed in units of
newtons
The mass of a pet turtle that weighs 10 N is about
1 kg
Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much
- inertia.
- mass.
- volume
In which case would you have the largest mass of gold? If your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the
moon
A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass?
the one on the Moon
An apple weighs 1 N. When the apple is held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is
0 N
An apple at rest weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is
1 N
A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a twice-as-massive car, its maximum acceleration is
one third
A heavy block at rest is suspended by a vertical rope. When the block accelerates upward by the rope, the rope tension
is greater than its weight
A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What net force is exerted on the car?
2000 N
A force of 1 N accelerates 1-kg box at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a 2-kg box by a net force of 2 N is
same
The force required to maintain a constant velocity for an astronaut in free space is equal to
zero
Neglecting friction, a small and a large block of ice begin sliding down an incline together. The larger block reaches the bottom
at the same time as the small block
Phil stands at rest with both feet on a scale that reads 500 N. When he gently lifts one foot, the scale reads
500 N
A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force of friction between the block and the surface?
6 N
Suppose a particle is being accelerated through space by a 10-N force. Suddenly the particle encounters a second force of 10 N in the opposite direction. The particle with both forces acting
continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force
A 1-kg rock that weighs 10 N is thrown straight upward at 20 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on it when it is half way to the top of its path is
10 N
If more horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object
accelerates in the direction of the applied force
Scotty Skydiver of mass 100 kg experiences air resistance of 500 N, and an acceleration of about
.5 g
An object released from rest on another planet requires one second to fall a distance of 6 meters. What is the acceleration due to gravity on this planet?
12 m/s2
A car traveling at 22 m/s comes to an abrupt halt in 0.1 second when it hits a tree. What is the deceleration of the car?
220 m/s2
A 10-kilogram block with an initial velocity of 10 m/s slides 10 meters across a horizontal surface and comes to rest. It takes the block 2 seconds to stop. The stopping force acting on the block is about
50 N
A 1000-kg automobile enters a freeway on-ramp at 20 m/s and accelerates uniformly up to 40 m/s in a time of 10 seconds. How far does the automobile travel during that time?
300 m
An astronaut on another planet drops a 1-kg rock from rest and finds that it falls a vertical distance of 2.5 meters in one second. On this planet, the rock has a weight of
5 N
What horizontally-applied force will accelerate a 400-kg crate at 1 m/s2 across a factory floor against a friction force half its weight?
2400 N
A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg apple are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the brick is
10 times more than the force on the apple
A single brick falls with acceleration g. The reason a double brick falls with the same acceleration is
its ratio of force to mass is the same
Recall Galileo’s Leaning Tower experiment. With negligible air resistance, a heavy and a light object fall
- with equal accelerations.
- to the ground in equal times.
- with the same increases in speed
Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are frontal area and
speed
When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is
zero
Two objects of the same size, but unequal weights are dropped from a tall tower. Taking air resistance into consideration, the object to hit the ground first will be the
heavier object
A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first?
light woman
A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to the ground first?
heavy man
A coconut and a bird’s feather fall from a tree through the air to the ground below. The force of air resistance is
greater on the coconut
A skydiver’s terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls
head first
Once the crate is sliding, how hard do you push to keep it moving at constant velocity?
You push with a force equal to and opposite the dynamic friction force
