Chapter1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Science of body structures and relationships among them

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Science of how body parts work

Question 3

Chemical level

Answer 3

Includes atoms and molecules

Question 4

Cellular level

Answer 4

Molecules combine into cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of an organisms

Question 5

Tissue level

Answer 5

Group of cells and materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular action

Question 6

Organ level

Answer 6

Composed of two or more different types of tissues and have a specific function with a recognizable shape

Question 7

System level

Answer 7

Consists of related organs with a common function

Question 8

Organismal level

Answer 8

All parts of the human body functioning together to constitute the total organism

Question 9

Characteristics of a living human organism

Answer 9

1. Metabolism
   2.Responsiveness
   3.Movement
2. Growth
   5.differentiation
3. Reproduction

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

Sum of all chemical processes in body

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

A dynamic condition of trying to maintain a relatively stable condition in the body’s internal environment

Question 12

Intercellular fluid

Answer 12

Fluids found within cells

Question 13

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 13

Fluid outside of cell

Question 14

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 14

Ecf that is between the narrow spaces between cells of tissues

Question 15

Blood plasma

Answer 15

Ecf of blood vessels

Question 16

Lymph

Answer 16

Ecf of lymphatic vessels

Question 17

Feedback system

Answer 17

Cycle of events where the status of the body is monitored, evaluated and changed and then repeats

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

Body structure that monitors changes in controlled condition and sends input to the control Center

Question 19

Control Center

Answer 19

Has a set of narrow ranges or set point that the controlled condition should be maintained at. Evaluates input from receptor and generates output

Question 20

Effector

Answer 20

Body structure that receives output and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

Question 21

Negative feedback loop

Answer 21

Reverse the change in the controlled condition

Question 22

Positive feedback loop

Answer 22

Strengthens or reinforces a change in body’s controlled condition

Question 23

Anatomical position

Answer 23

Subject stands erect facing observer, head level and eyes forward.

Lower limbs parallel and feet flat and directed forward

Upper limbs at side with palms turned forward

Question 24

Prone

Answer 24

Body is lying face down

Question 25

Supine

Answer 25

Body is lying face up

Question 26

Superior

Answer 26

Toward head or upper part of structure

Question 27

Inferior

Answer 27

Away from head or towards the lower body

Question 28

Anterior

Answer 28

Nearer to or front of body

Question 29

Posterior

Answer 29

Near to or back of body

Question 30

Medial

Answer 30

Nearer to the midline

Question 31

Lateral

Answer 31

Further from the midline

Question 32

Intermediate

Answer 32

Between 2 structures

Question 33

Ipsilateral

Answer 33

Same side of body as structure

Question 34

Contralateral

Answer 34

Opposite side of body as structure

Question 35

Proxima

Answer 35

Nearer to attachment of limb to trunk or nearer to origination of structure

Question 36

Distal

Answer 36

Farther from attachment of limb

Question 37

Planes

Answer 37

Imaginary flat surface that passes through body parts

Question 38

Sagittal Plane

Answer 38

Vertical plane that divides the body/organ into right and left sides

Question 39

Midsaggital plane/median plane

Answer 39

Divides body or organ into equal parts

Question 40

Parasaggital plane

Answer 40

When it does cross through midline, so not split equally

Question 41

Frontal or coronal plane

Answer 41

Divides body or organ into anterior and posterior

Question 42

Transverse plane

Answer 42

Divides the body into superior and inferior Also known as cross sectional or horizontal plane

Question 43

Oblique plane

Answer 43

Passes through body or organ at oblique angle

Question 44

Pericardial cavity

Answer 44

Fluid filled space surrounding heart

Question 45

Pleural cavities

Answer 45

Fluid filled space around each lung

Question 46

Mediastinum

Answer 46

Area between lungs, up to sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm

Question 47

Viscera

Answer 47

Organs in the thoracic abdominopelvic cavities

Question 48

Membrane

Answer 48

Thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connect structures

Question 49

Serous Membrane

Answer 49

Double layered, does not open directly to exterior and it covers the viscera in thorax and abdomen

Question 50

Parietal Layer

Answer 50

Thin epithelium that lines the walls of cavities Part of membrane

Question 51

Visceral layer

Answer 51

Other part of serous membrane Thin epithelium that covers and adheres to viscera within cavity

Question 52

2 methods of dividing abdomipelvic cavity

Answer 52

1. 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines Divides into 9 quadrants 2. Midsagittal and transverse line that passes through umbilicus Divides into quadrants

Question 53

Nine regions that the 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines make

Answer 53

1. Right hypochondriac 2. Epigastric 3. Left hypochondriac 4. Right lumbar 5. Umbilical 6. Left lumbar 7. Right inguinal 8. Hypogastric 9. Left inguinal