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Anatomy And Phys > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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2
Q

3 types of lipids in plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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3
Q

Integral Protein

A

Extend into or through lipid bilayer and embedded in it

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4
Q

Transmembrane Protein

A

Span entire lipid bilayer and protrude into cytosol and extracellular fluid

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5
Q

Peripheral protein

A

Are not embedded into pm, but attached to polar head of membrane proteins or integral proteins

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6
Q

Carbohydrate

A

2-60 monosaccharides
Form a coat alongside glycolipids

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7
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Coat formed between carbs and glycolipids. Molecular signature for recognition

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8
Q

Ion channels

A

Pores or holes that allow specific ions in or out

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9
Q

Carriers

A

Selectively move polar substance or ions from one side of the membrane to another
Aka transporters

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10
Q

Linkers

A

Anchor proteins to plasma membrane of nearby cell or protein filaments inside and outside cell

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11
Q

Passive process

A

Substance moves down concentration or electrical gradient to cross membrane

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12
Q

Factors that influence rate of diffusion

A

Steepness of concentration gradient
Temperature
Mass of diffusing substance
Surface area
Diffusion distance

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13
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Passive process where substance moves freely through lipid bilayer
(Non polar hydrophobic molecules)

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14
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Integral membrane protein assist specific substance across membrane

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15
Q

Channel mediated

A

Solute moves down concentration gradient across lipid bilayer through membrane channel

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16
Q

Gated channel

A

Part of channel protein acts as plug or gate, changing shape in one way to open and another to close

17
Q

Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient and across plasma membrane

18
Q

Osmosis

A

Type of diffusion where there is net movement of solvent through a selectively permeable membrane

19
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by a liquid on a membrane

20
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Solution exerts force on membrane.
Proportional to concentration of solute particles that cannot cross membrane

21
Q

Tonicity

A

Measure of solution’s ability to change volume of cells by altering water content

22
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution where cell maintains normal shape and volume

23
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell which causes it to swell or burst

24
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher concentration of solute in solutions than cytosol
Leads to crenation of cell

25
Q

Primary active transport

A

Pumps substance across plasma membrane against concentration gradient using hydrolysis of ATP, which changes shape of the carrier protein

26
Q

Secondary Transport

A

Uses the energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across membrane against their concentration gradient

27
Q

Symporter

A

Carrier protein that moved both substances at the same time in secondary active transport

28
Q

Antiporter

A

Moves the 2 substances in opposite direction in secondary active transport

29
Q

Endocytosis

A

Materials move into cell in a vesicle formed from plasma membrane

30
Q

Exocytosis

A

Materials move out of cell by fusion with plasma membrane of vesicle formed in cell

31
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

Receptor mediated
Phagocytosis
Bulk-Phase endocytosis/ pinocytosis

32
Q

Steps of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Binding
Vesicle formation
Uncoating
Fusion with endosome
Recycling of receptor
Degradation in lysosomes

33
Q

Transcytosis

A

Transport in vesicle that may move substance into, across and out of cell

34
Q

3 types of protein filaments in cytosol

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

35
Q

Centrosome

A

Microtubule organizing center

Anatomy And Phys (12 decks)

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