Chapter 3

Question 1

3 main parts of a cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 2

3 types of lipids in plasma membrane

Answer 2

Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

Question 3

Integral Protein

Answer 3

Extend into or through lipid bilayer and embedded in it

Question 4

Transmembrane Protein

Answer 4

Span entire lipid bilayer and protrude into cytosol and extracellular fluid

Question 5

Peripheral protein

Answer 5

Are not embedded into pm, but attached to polar head of membrane proteins or integral proteins

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

2-60 monosaccharides
Form a coat alongside glycolipids

Question 7

Glycocalyx

Answer 7

Coat formed between carbs and glycolipids. Molecular signature for recognition

Question 8

Ion channels

Answer 8

Pores or holes that allow specific ions in or out

Question 9

Carriers

Answer 9

Selectively move polar substance or ions from one side of the membrane to another
Aka transporters

Question 10

Linkers

Answer 10

Anchor proteins to plasma membrane of nearby cell or protein filaments inside and outside cell

Question 11

Passive process

Answer 11

Substance moves down concentration or electrical gradient to cross membrane

Question 12

Factors that influence rate of diffusion

Answer 12

Steepness of concentration gradient
Temperature
Mass of diffusing substance
Surface area
Diffusion distance

Question 13

Simple diffusion

Answer 13

Passive process where substance moves freely through lipid bilayer
(Non polar hydrophobic molecules)

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

Integral membrane protein assist specific substance across membrane

Question 15

Channel mediated

Answer 15

Solute moves down concentration gradient across lipid bilayer through membrane channel

Question 16

Gated channel

Answer 16

Part of channel protein acts as plug or gate, changing shape in one way to open and another to close

Question 17

Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

Carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient and across plasma membrane

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Type of diffusion where there is net movement of solvent through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 19

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 19

Pressure exerted by a liquid on a membrane

Question 20

Osmotic pressure

Answer 20

Solution exerts force on membrane.
Proportional to concentration of solute particles that cannot cross membrane

Question 21

Tonicity

Answer 21

Measure of solution’s ability to change volume of cells by altering water content

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

Solution where cell maintains normal shape and volume

Question 23

Hypotonic

Answer 23

Solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell which causes it to swell or burst

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

Higher concentration of solute in solutions than cytosol
Leads to crenation of cell

Question 25

Primary active transport

Answer 25

Pumps substance across plasma membrane against concentration gradient using hydrolysis of ATP, which changes shape of the carrier protein

Question 26

Secondary Transport

Answer 26

Uses the energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across membrane against their concentration gradient

Question 27

Symporter

Answer 27

Carrier protein that moved both substances at the same time in secondary active transport

Question 28

Antiporter

Answer 28

Moves the 2 substances in opposite direction in secondary active transport

Question 29

Endocytosis

Answer 29

Materials move into cell in a vesicle formed from plasma membrane

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

Materials move out of cell by fusion with plasma membrane of vesicle formed in cell

Question 31

3 types of endocytosis

Answer 31

Receptor mediated Phagocytosis Bulk-Phase endocytosis/ pinocytosis

Question 32

Steps of receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 32

Binding Vesicle formation Uncoating Fusion with endosome Recycling of receptor Degradation in lysosomes

Question 33

Transcytosis

Answer 33

Transport in vesicle that may move substance into, across and out of cell

Question 34

3 types of protein filaments in cytosol

Answer 34

Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules

Question 35

Centrosome

Answer 35

Microtubule organizing center