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Anatomy And Phys > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Articulation or arthrosis is a point of contact between two bones, bones and cartilage or bone and teeth

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2
Q

Structural classification of joints is based is based on 2 criteria

A

1 presence of space between articulating bone
2 type of connective tissue that binds the bones together

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3
Q

3 types of joints

A

1 fibrous joint
2 cartilaginous joint
3 synovial joint

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4
Q

Fibrous joint

A

No synovial cavity
Bones held together by senses irregular tissue
Rich in collagen

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

No synovial cavity
Bones held together by cartilage

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6
Q

Synovial joint

A

Has synovial cavity
Held by dense irregular connective tissue of articular capsule and accessory ligaments

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7
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint or little to no movement

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8
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

A slightly movable joint

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9
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint

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10
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndemoses
Interosseous membrane

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11
Q

Synotosis

A

A joint where there is complete fusion of two separate bones into one

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12
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Greater distance between articulating surface and more dense irregular connective tissue than sutures
Connective tissue is arranged in bundles allowing for some limited movements

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13
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighbouring long bones and permits slight movements

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14
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis
Symphyses
Epiphyseal cartilage

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15
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Connected by hyaline cartilage and slightly movable to immovable

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16
Q

Symphyses

A

The ends of the articulating bone are covered in hyaline cartilage, but they are connected by fibrocartilage
Slightly movable

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17
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage

A

Actually hyaline cartilage growth centres during endochondrial bone formation and not joints associated with movement
Immovable

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18
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Layer of hyalin cartilage that covers synovial joints
Does not bind, but provides a smooth slippery surface to reduce friction and also absorbs shock

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19
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joint and enclosing it and the articulating bones

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20
Q

2 layers of articular capsule

A

Fibrous membrane
Inner synovial membrane

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21
Q

Fibrous membrane

A

Consists of dense irregular connective tissue that attached periosteum and articulating bone

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22
Q

Inner synovial membrane

A

Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

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23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secreted by synovial membrane
Forms film over surfaces within articular capsule

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24
Q

Accessory ligaments

A

Extracapsular ligaments
Intracapsular ligaments

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25
Extracapsular ligaments
Lie outside of articular capsule
26
Intracapsular ligaments
Within articular capsules, but excluded from synovial cavity by synovial membrane
27
Articular discs
Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage that lies between articular surfaces of bone and attached to fibrous capsule Present in some synovial joints
28
Bursae
Sac like structures that are strategically situated to alleviate friction in some joints Not strictly part of synovial joints
29
Tendon/synovial sheath
Tubelike bursae that wraps around some tendons that experience considers me friction when passing through tunnels formed by connective tissue and bone
30
Gliding
Simple movement where nearly flat bone surfaces move back and forth, and side to side
31
Angular movement
Increase or decrease in angle between articulating bones
32
Flexion
Decrease in angle between articulating bones
33
Extension
Increase in angle between articulating bones
34
Lateral flexion
Flexion along frontal plane and involves intervertebral joints
35
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position
36
Abduction or radial deviation
Movement of bone away from midline
37
Adduction or ulnar deviation
Movement of a bone towards midline
38
Circumduction
Movement of distal end of body part in a circle Continuous sequence of Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation of joint
39
Rotation
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
40
Medial (internal) rotation
When anterior surface of a bone of a limb is turned toward midline
41
Lateral (external) rotation
When anterior surface of a bone of a limb is turned away from midline
42
Special movements
Occur only at certain joints
43
Elevation
Superior movement of a part of the body Ex closing mouth
44
Depression
Inferior movement of a part of the body
45
Protraction
Movement of a part of the body anteriorly in the transverse plane Ex: chin
46
Retraction
Movement of a protracted part of body back to anatomical position
47
Inversion
Movement of sole medially at intertarsal joint
48
Eversion
Movement of sole laterally at intertarsal joint
49
Dorsiflexion
Bending of foot at ankle in direction of dorsum
50
Plantar Flexion
Bending of foot at ankle joint in direction of plantar or inferior surface
51
Supination
Movement of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar in which palm is turned anteriorly
52
Pronation
Movement of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar joint in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna and palm is turned posteriorly
53
Opposition
Movement of thumb at carpometacarpal joint, where thumb moves across palm to touch tips of fingers
54
6 types of synovial joints
Plane/planar joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Condyloid joints Saddle joints Ball and socket joints
55
Plane/ planar joint
Flat and slightly curved Back and forth, and side to side and also allows rotation against one another
56
Biaxial
Permits movement in 2 axes
57
Triaxial (multiaxial)
Permits movement in 3 axes
58
Uniaxial/ monoaxial
Motion around single axis
59
Hinge/ ginglymus joint
Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another Flexion and extension
60
Pivot/ trochoid joint
Round/pointed surface of one bone articulates with ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament Rotation Uniaxial
61
Condyloid/ ellipsoidal joint
Convex oval shaped projection of one bone fits into oval shaped projections of another Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction Biaxial
62
Saddle/sellar joint
Articulating surface of one bone is saddle shaped and the other bone fits into saddle Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction Biaxial
63
Ball and socket
Ball like surface of one bone fits into cup like depression of another bone Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation Triaxial
64
Temporomandibular joint
Combined hinge and plane joint formed by condylar processes of mandible and mandibular fossa and articular tubercles of temporal bone Only freely moving joint between skull bones
65
Shoulder joint
Ball and socket Humeroscspular or glenohumeral joint
66
Coracohumeral ligament
Strong, broad ligament that strengthens superior part of articular capsule and reinforces anterior as peck of capsule
67
Glenohumeral ligament
3 thickenings of the articular capsule over anterior surface of joint Stabilizes joint when humerus approaches or exceeds limit of motion
68
Transverse humeral ligament
Narrow sheet extending from greater tubercle to lesser tubercle of humerus
69
Glenoid labram
Narrow rim of fibrocartilage around edge of Glenoid cavity that slightly deepens and enlarged Glenoid cavity
70
4 bursae associated with shoulder joint
Subscapular bursa Subdeltoid bursa Subacromial bursa Subcoracoid bursa
71
Movement of shoulder joint
Flexion-extension Hyperextension Abduction-adduction Medial-lateral rotation Circumduction
72
Elbow joint
Hinge joint formed by trochlea and capitulum of humerus, trochlear of ulna and head of radius
73
Ulnar collateral ligament
Thick triangular ligament Part of it deepens socket of trochlea of humerus
74
Radial collateral ligament
Strong, triangular ligaments that extend from lateral epicondyle of humerus into a anular ligaments of radius and radial notch of ulna
75
Anular ligament of radius
Strong band that encircles head of radius and holds it to the radial notch of ulna
76
Elbow joint movement
Allows Flexion and extension of forearm
77
Hip joint
Ball and socket formed by head of femur and acetabulum of hip joint
78
Articular capsule of hip joint
Very strong and dense, goes from rim of acetabulum to neck of femur Accessory ligaments make it one of strongest structures in the body
79
Ligaments of head of femur
Flat triangular band Has small artery that supplies head of femur
80
Hip joint movements
Flexion-extension Abduction-adduction Lateral-medial rotation Circumduction of thigh
81
Knee joint
Largest and most complex joint of body Modified hinge joint that consists of three joints within one synovial cavity
82
Three joints of the knee joint
Laterally- tibiofemoral joint Medially-tibiofemoral joint Intermediate-patellofemoral joint
83
Articular capsule of knee joint
There is no complete, independent capsule that unites bones of knee joint Has a ligament sheath instead
84
Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
Fused tendons of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle and fascial lata that strengthens anterior surface joint
85
Patellar ligaments
Continuation of common tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle that extends from patella to tibial tuberosity
86
Tibial collateral ligaments
Broad flat ligaments in medial surface of joint that extend from medial surface of joint that extend from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
87
Fibular collateral ligaments
Strong, rounded ligaments on lateral surface of joint, that extend from lateral condyle of femur to lateral side of head of fibula
88
Intracapsular ligaments
Ligaments within capsule connecting tibia and femur Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
89
Articular discs
2 fibrocartilage discs between tibial and femoral condyles that help compensate for irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid Medial and lateral meniscus
90
Bursae of knee
Prepatellar bursa Infrapatellar Suprapatellar
91
Prepatellar bursa
Between patella and skin
92
Infrapatellar bursa
Between superior part of tibia and patellar ligament
93
Suprapatellar bursa
Between inferior parts of femur and deep surface of quadriceps femoris muscle

Anatomy And Phys (12 decks)

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