CHAPTER TEN

Question 1

who is Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

Medical doctor , researcher, psychiatrsut, Jewish, pressmisitic mind

Question 2

4 Key Ideas of Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

1. Psychic Determinism (things happen for a reason, accidents do not exist)
2. Internal Structure (our mind is made up of separate parts)
3. Psychic conflict
4. Mental energy

Question 3

PSYCHIC DETERMINISM

Answer 3

Idea that everything that happens has a cause that maybe can be identified

Everything happening in a person’s mind, everything they think and do, has a cause

Causes lie hidden deep in the mind, many mental processes are unconscious

Question 4

INTERNAL STRUCTURE

Answer 4

Mind has a struct of parts that function independently and sometimes conflict with each other

Brain to mind difference – The brain is a physical organ; the mind is a psychological result of what the brain and body do

Question 5

Mind is divided into 3 parts:

Answer 5

1. Id – instinctual desires (hunger, pleasure, gratification)
2. Ego – Balances desires of id with constraints of reality (considers consequences and societal norms)
3. Superego – moral compass or internal parent (right and wrong)

Question 6

Compromise formation (PSYCHIC CONFLICT)

Answer 6

Because the mind is divided into independent parts, it can conflict with itself

Compromise formation – The result is what the person unconsciously thinks and does Competing desires (having a big paper due or going out to the bar with your friends)

Question 7

libido

Answer 7

psychic energy

Question 8

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Answer 8

Like money, psychic energy is necessary and limited

Psychosexual development, is how life energy, libido becomes invested and redirected over an individual’s early years

Question 9

Psychosexual development stages

Answer 9

1. Physical focus (energy is concentrated and gratification is obtained)
2. Psychological theme (physical focus and demands of child from outside word during development)
3. Adult character type (being fixated and to some degree stalled in that stage rather than fully developing)

Question 10

During the psychosexual stages the mind goes through 2 kinds of thinking

Answer 10

1. Primary process thinking (the way the unconscious mind operates, does not contain the idea of “no”, immediate
   gratification, displacement thinking without negatives, qualifications, sense of time, dangerous of life, see in very young
   children during delirium and dreams and sometimes in psychotics, condensation, symbolization)
2. Secondary process thinking (think, the ego thinks; it is rational, practical, prudent and can delay or redirect gratification,
   develops a second; less important role)

Question 11

CONDENSATION

Answer 11

Can compress several ideas into one

Question 12

SYMBOLIZATION

Answer 12

One thing might stand for another

Question 13

ANXIETY

Answer 13

Anxiety is unpleasant, can be generated by stress and conflicts

Question 14

Humour

Answer 14

Expressing “forbidden” ideas and desires

Question 15

what are the defence mechanisms of Ego

Answer 15

Denial (prevent perception) - refusing to believe or acknowledge

Repression (prevent recall) - failing to acknowledge anything that might remind unwanted thoughts

Reaction formation (banish dark desires) - defends peace of mind by creating opposite idea

Projection (hypocrisy) - developing idea that something feared is true about oneself instead true about other people

Rationalization (logic) - come up with rational explanation for doing what you want without acknowledging real motivation

Intellectualization (extreme objectivity) translates anxiety-producing thoughts into concepts or jargon that put emotions at a distance

Displacement (cascade of kicks) - moving object of one’s emotions from a dangerous target to a safe one

Sublimination (noble cause) - provides a safe outlet for otherwise problematical desires

Question 16

PSYCHOANALYSIS AS A THERAPY AND A ROUTE TOWARD UNDERSTANDING

Answer 16

Freud believed to resolve problems making people anxious and unhappy is to bring them to the open through dream analysis, analysis of slips and lapses, and free association

Question 17

PSYCHOANALTIC THEORY: A CRITIQUE

Answer 17

EXCESSIVE COMPLEXITY – Freud’s theory is highly complex

CASE STUDY METHOD – data must be public, Freud complained proof of his theory was in details of case studies he couldn’t reveal because of patient privacy

VAGUE DEFINITIONS – operational definition, a scientific concept should be defined in terms of operations or procedures by which it can be identified and measured, psychoanalytic theory rarely does this

UNDERSTANDABILITY – Freud’s theory is untestable, and a theory should be disconfirmable (should imply set of results that if found, should it to be false, like religion and science)

SEXISM – Psychoanalytic theory is sexist; Freud considers men the norm and bases his theories on their psychology and considers women as a deviation from the male model. According to Freud, much of a women’s life is based on the struggle coming to terms with the tragedy that she is not a man

Question 18

If psychic determinism is true, then a possible explanation for forgetting a person’s name could be that you

have a bad memory.

do not like the person.

are in love with the person but don’t want to admit it to yourself.

both b and c

Answer 18

both b and c

Question 19

During which stage of psychological development do people learn how to appropriately control their urges and what decisions are up to them or to an authority figure?

oral

anal

latency

phallic

Answer 19

anal

Question 20

Which of the following about Freud’s theory is true?

It is no longer an important part of psychological thought.

It has been proven false.

It was too simplistic to explain all of personality.

Many of the issues that Freud thought to be important are topics of current research.

Answer 20

Many of the issues that Freud thought to be important are topics of current research.

Question 21

Secondary process of thinking

Answer 21

develops as teh child moves towards adulthood, is ordinary, rationalconscious thought

Question 22

primary process of thinking

Answer 22

present in babies and in the unconscious part of the adult mind, is unconscious thought chacterized by displacement, symbslism, irrational drive

Question 23

Thanatos

Answer 23

a drive towrads death and destruction

Question 24

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 24

based in a small number of key ideas including psychic determinism, the mins three part, mental engery and psychic conflict

Question 25

parapraxes

Answer 25

unconscious and Forbiddne impluses can be revelaed. These include memory lapses and unintentional actions