CHAPTER ELEVN Flashcards
NEO-FREUDIAN’S
Anna Freud – fleshed out her dad’s ideas about defence mechanisms, says how anxiety effects our behaviour
Bruno Bettelheim – focused on the theories of early childhood years, defined what good parenting looks like
Harry Stack Sullivan – talked about lifestyles and how we understand ourselves as individual people
separate from parents and peers
Henry Murray – contributed to the areas of personality theory and assessment
*All used the same methods as Freud
Common themes in neo-Freudian thought
Common themes in neo-Freudian thought
-Less emphasis on and reinterpretation of the libido
-Less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought
Ego psychology
-Less emphasis on instinctual drives and mental life as the source of psychological difficulties, and more on interpersonal relationships
INFERIORITY AND COMPENSATION:
Alfred Adler
Thought Freud focused too much on sex
More importance on social interest
Organ inferiority –
“Style of life”
Masculine protest
Organ inferiority –
someone who felt weak as a child will strive for physical strength as an adult, one who feels stupid will obsess over being smarter than everyone else as an adult
“Style of life”
individuals’ compensation for perceived childhood inferiorities into a mode of behaviour
Masculine protest
when an adult acts to become powerful because of inadequate and inferior feelings as a child causing an overcompensation (for some women but more so men)
THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS, PERSONA, AND PERSONALITY:
Carl Jung
Collective unconscious and archetypes (popular work)
-Earth mother, hero, devil, supreme being
-Appear in dreams, fantasies, mythology, and modern literature
Anima
Persona
Animus
Anima
idea, or prototype of the female in the mind of a male (man’s root of his feminine side)
Persona
term for the social mask one wears in public, to him everyone’s persona is false because they keep parts of real selves private or fails to advertise aspects of self equally
Animus
is the idealized image of a male held in the mind of a female (females basic of masculine side)
Carl Jung classification of 4 basic ways of thinking:
- Rational thinking
- Feeling
- Sensing
- Intuiting
FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY AND BASIC ANXIETY:
Karen Horney
- Distinguished pronunciation about her name
- Didn’t feud with Freud like the others
-Self-analysis (she believed could help people through psychological difficulties when professional psychoanalysis was impractical or unavailable
According to Karen Horney, why do women envy men?
Men have penises.
Men do not have the burden of bearing children.
Men have more freedom to pursue their interests.
Men do not have basic anxiety.
Men have more freedom to pursue their interests.
Erikson’s theory of development _____, whereas Freud’s theory _____ .
focuses on childhood; covers the entire life-span
focuses on conscious social conflicts; focuses on the location of mental energy
is based on unconscious conflict; is based on the structure of society
all of the above
focuses on conscious social conflicts; focuses on the location of mental energy
According to object relations theory,
interpersonal relationships are very important.
the objects we form to represent people are always realistic.
it is possible for a relationship to be entirely good.
observing a child at play is not a good way to diagnose the child’s problems.
interpersonal relationships are very important.
PERCEPTUAL DEFENCE
Some parts of the unconscious mind could read worlds, even while conscious part could not
Prevents anxiety
Recognition of “dirty” versus neutral words
Example: The feeling of your shirt on your back
UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS
The mind does many different things at once and only a small portion of it becomes conscious Parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Example: Walking and chewing gum at the same time
PSYCHOSOCTIAL DEVELOPMENT: ERIKSON
Many conflicts are conscious and arise at various stages of life.
Basic conflicts arise at various stages of life.
Development of hope and confidence
DEFENCE AND CATHARISIS
Freely expressing the issues that trouble you has proven helpful for psychological and physical health Traits associated with having an anal or oral character correlate with each other as theorized
Example: when you confess something that was eating away at you
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
figuring out who is in charged
Initiative versus guilt
child fantasizes about being an adult including sexual ones and tactics and plans to get ahead in life
Industry versus inferiority
develop the skills and attitudes to success in the world of work or contribution to society
Generativity versus stagnation
do they settle into passive comfort, or begin to turn concerns to next generation
Integrity versus despair
do they regret mistakes and feel like they blew it or did they develop wisdom?
Trust vs. mistrust
learn whether needs will be met, ignored, or overindulged
Play therapy
Allows the symbolic expression of emotions
Neurotic defenses
Splitting of love objects into good and bad parts
4 Principal themes generally true of all approaches under object relations
- Every relationship has elements that are satisfying, frustrating, or cause pleasure or pain
- The mix of love and hate (example: the breast)
- Distinction between parts of the love object and the whole person
- The psyche is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings
OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY: KLEIN AND WINNICOTT
Object relations theory
-We relate to others via the images of them in our minds.
-The images do not always match reality.
False self –
People put on false representation to please other people which prevents exposure of the true self
Transitional objects
Sentimental objects for adults (called a niffle)
Alfred
wrote about striving to overcome childhoos feeling of inferiorty
Jung
Proposed ideas concering the colective uncounsious, the outer, social version of the self called the persona; the concept of anium and anima; teh distinction between extraversuin and interversion and four basic types of thinking
Erikson
developed a detailed description od the stages of psychosocial deveoplmet during ehuch children and adults must come to terms with ther chinging life circumstances
Karen Horney
teh theory of feminien psych and also described that anture of basic anixty and associated nerotic needs
