CHAPTER FIVE

Question 1

Why is Reputation important?

Answer 1

It is an important element of iinterpersonal success or failure

Question 2

What does judgment of other affect

Answer 2

self fullfilling prophecies

Question 3

Expectany effects can…

Answer 3

affect both intellectual performance and social behavior

Question 4

Social Expectancy Effects

Answer 4

Is a related expextancy effect in the social rather than in the intellectual realm

Snyder interpreted the effect of higly attractive women as a self fullfilling prophecy that attractive women are expected to be warm and friendly and are in such a manner that they respond that way

Question 5

Critical realism

Answer 5

holds that the absence of prefect, infalliable criteria for determining truth does not mean that all interpretations. of reality are equally correct

Question 6

What is invovled for evaulating accracy

Answer 6

Triangulation
Face validity
Predictive valdity

Question 7

First impression’s are

Answer 7

automatic

often use contextual cues

Question 8

How is convergent validation achieved?

Answer 8

by assembling diverse pieces of information that converge on a common conclusion

Question 9

Personality judgements

Answer 9

interjudge agreement
Behavioral prediction

Question 10

Moderator variable

Answer 10

is one that affects the relationship between 2 other variables

Moderator accuacry is a variable that chnages the correlation between a judgment and its criterion

Question 11

The Realistic Accuracy Model

is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible.

includes five stages.

implies that accuracy cannot be improved.

is unrelated to the four moderators.

Answer 11

is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible.

Question 12

Slef knowledge vs. Knowlege of others

Answer 12

We have better insight into our personal emotional experince than anyone else

people close to us can more accrately perdict behavior then self judgement

Question 13

How to improve how well you know yourself?

Answer 13

Introspection- investigate your own mind and understand who you are

Seek feedback- Seek feedback from other people who are honest and trust you wont be offended

Observe your own behavior-Ovserve your own behvaior and draw conclusion from the observations observing the same behaviours in anyone else and whatthye would do.

Question 14

Personality judgments in daily life

are much less important than the results of personality tests.

affect the opportunities that people are given.

easily reach a high level of accuracy.

have low accuracy for all judges.

Answer 14

affect the opportunities that people are given.

Question 15

Based on the four moderators of accuracy, it can be concluded that

the good judge must have a specified set of characteristics.

the trait that is being judged has the most influence on the level of accuracy.

people who are easily judged tend to have psychological disorders.

information quality will be high in weak, unstructured, and emotionally arousing situations.

Answer 15

information quality will be high in weak, unstructured, and emotionally arousing situations.

Question 16

Good trait

Answer 16

Easy to observe (highly visable)

Question 17

Good target

Answer 17

Stable,well-orgainzed, and consistent behavior overall

psychologically well adjusted target person

Extrverted, agreeable target person

Transparency-good targets don’t need to create false impressions of themsleves and are easier to accurately evaluate

Question 18

Good judge

Answer 18

High in communion -working collectively, developing community

Judge other favorably

Socially skilled, agreeable and well adjusted

Attributionally complex, open, positive, expresive

Question 19

Who is a better judge

Answer 19

Women are better judges than men

Question 20

One explanation for how accurate judgment is possible
Four stages (RAM )

Answer 20

Relevance- informative about the trait to be judge

Availablity - to judge

Detection -judge must detect thus information

Utlization -judge must utilize the information correctly

Question 21

Improving accuracy

Answer 21

Training
Attend to relevant cues.
Create the right interpersonal environment.
Be attentive.

Question 22

Good information

Answer 22

Amount

Quality

Variety

Weak vs Strong

Agreement vs consensus

Question 23

Other people judgments affect what?

Answer 23

person’s opportunities

can create self fulfilling prophecies

Expectancy effects

Question 24

How is valid information about a person’s attributes?

Answer 24

face, tone, voice and dress

Question 25

What variables that affect the accuracy of personality judgement

Answer 25

(1) the good judge or the possibility that some judges are more accurate than others

(2) the good target or the possibility that some individuls are easier to judge than other

(3) the good trait or the possibility that some traits are easier to judge accurately than other’s

(4) Good information or possibility that more or better information about the target makes accurte judgmnet more likey