CHAPTER FIVE Flashcards
Why is Reputation important?
It is an important element of iinterpersonal success or failure
What does judgment of other affect
self fullfilling prophecies
Expectany effects can…
affect both intellectual performance and social behavior
Social Expectancy Effects
Is a related expextancy effect in the social rather than in the intellectual realm
Snyder interpreted the effect of higly attractive women as a self fullfilling prophecy that attractive women are expected to be warm and friendly and are in such a manner that they respond that way
Critical realism
holds that the absence of prefect, infalliable criteria for determining truth does not mean that all interpretations. of reality are equally correct
What is invovled for evaulating accracy
Triangulation
Face validity
Predictive valdity
First impression’s are
automatic
often use contextual cues
How is convergent validation achieved?
by assembling diverse pieces of information that converge on a common conclusion
Personality judgements
interjudge agreement
Behavioral prediction
Moderator variable
is one that affects the relationship between 2 other variables
Moderator accuacry is a variable that chnages the correlation between a judgment and its criterion
The Realistic Accuracy Model
is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible.
includes five stages.
implies that accuracy cannot be improved.
is unrelated to the four moderators.
is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible.
Slef knowledge vs. Knowlege of others
We have better insight into our personal emotional experince than anyone else
people close to us can more accrately perdict behavior then self judgement
How to improve how well you know yourself?
Introspection- investigate your own mind and understand who you are
Seek feedback- Seek feedback from other people who are honest and trust you wont be offended
Observe your own behavior-Ovserve your own behvaior and draw conclusion from the observations observing the same behaviours in anyone else and whatthye would do.
Personality judgments in daily life
are much less important than the results of personality tests.
affect the opportunities that people are given.
easily reach a high level of accuracy.
have low accuracy for all judges.
affect the opportunities that people are given.
Based on the four moderators of accuracy, it can be concluded that
the good judge must have a specified set of characteristics.
the trait that is being judged has the most influence on the level of accuracy.
people who are easily judged tend to have psychological disorders.
information quality will be high in weak, unstructured, and emotionally arousing situations.
information quality will be high in weak, unstructured, and emotionally arousing situations.
Good trait
Easy to observe (highly visable)
Good target
Stable,well-orgainzed, and consistent behavior overall
psychologically well adjusted target person
Extrverted, agreeable target person
Transparency-good targets don’t need to create false impressions of themsleves and are easier to accurately evaluate
Good judge
High in communion -working collectively, developing community
Judge other favorably
Socially skilled, agreeable and well adjusted
Attributionally complex, open, positive, expresive
Who is a better judge
Women are better judges than men
One explanation for how accurate judgment is possible
Four stages (RAM )
Relevance- informative about the trait to be judge
Availablity - to judge
Detection -judge must detect thus information
Utlization -judge must utilize the information correctly
Improving accuracy
Training
Attend to relevant cues.
Create the right interpersonal environment.
Be attentive.
Good information
Amount
Quality
Variety
Weak vs Strong
Agreement vs consensus
Other people judgments affect what?
person’s opportunities
can create self fulfilling prophecies
Expectancy effects
How is valid information about a person’s attributes?
face, tone, voice and dress
What variables that affect the accuracy of personality judgement
(1) the good judge or the possibility that some judges are more accurate than others
(2) the good target or the possibility that some individuls are easier to judge than other
(3) the good trait or the possibility that some traits are easier to judge accurately than other’s
(4) Good information or possibility that more or better information about the target makes accurte judgmnet more likey
