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human anatomy > Chapter Six - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter Six - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A
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2
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
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3
Q

Elastic cartilage

A
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4
Q

Bone functions

A

-support and protection
-movement
-hematopoiesis
-storage of mineral and energy reserves

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5
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation in red bone marrow

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6
Q

Bone types (four)

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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7
Q

Long bone

A

Greater length than width
-most common
-varies in size
Example: fingers, thigh, toes

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8
Q

Short bone

A

Length nearly equal to their width
-external: compact
-internal: spongy
Example: wrist bone, kneecap

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9
Q

Flat bone

A

Flat, thin surfaces
-extensive surfaces for muscles attachment
-underlying soft tissue
Example: shoulder blade, breastbone

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10
Q

irregular bone

A

Complex shapes, that do not follow other categories
-compact bone covering the spongy bone
Example: hip bones

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11
Q

Compact bone

A

Osteocytes

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12
Q

Spongy bone

A

Bone marrow

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

Elongated, rodlike part of a long bone
-the shaft of a long bone

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14
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded, knobby region at the end of a long bone

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15
Q

Osteon

A

Functional unit of a compact bone

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16
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells that produce the matrix of cartilage

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17
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Mature cartilage cell
-maintain matrix
-occupy small spaces named lacunae
-ensure matrix remains healthy
-avascular

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18
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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19
Q

Two types of cartilage growth

A

-interstitial
-appositional growth

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20
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth along the outside edge
-under perichondrium

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21
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Occurs within the internal regions of cartilage

22
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

End of the bone closest to the body trunk

23
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

End farthest from the trunk

24
Q

Metaphysis

A

Section of a long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis

25
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Thin layers of hyaline cartilage that provides

26
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

The remanent of the Epiphyseal plate
-thin layer of compact bone

27
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Thing layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis at a joint surface
-reduce friction
-absorb shock

28
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow, cylindrical space within diaphysis
-in adults contains yellow marrow

29
Q

Endosteum

A

Incomplete layer of cells that covers all internal surfaces of the bone
Example: medullary cavity

30
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough sheath, covers outer surface of the bone
-dense irregular connective tissue
-protects the bone
-anchors blood vessels
-provides stem cells

31
Q

Perforating fibres

A

Anchors the periosteum to the bone
-strong collagen fibres

32
Q

Osteoprogenitor

A

Stem cells derived from mesenchyme
-found in periosteum and endosteum

33
Q

Osteoblast

A

-produces new bone and osteoid
-eventually differentiate into osteocytes

34
Q

Osteoid

A

Organic form of bone matrix
-later calcifies and hardens due to calcium salt depositon

35
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that are entrapped in the matrix
-maintain bone matrix
-detect stress

36
Q

Lacunae

A

Small cavity or depresson

37
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Derived from fused bone marrow cells
-phagocytic cells
-multinuclear
-important for bone resorption

38
Q

Bone resorption

A

-osteoclasts secrete hydrochloride acid
-dissolves mineral parts of the bone matrix
-lysosomes within the osteoclasts secrete enzymes that dissolve organic part
-this dissolved part then enters the tissue fluid and then blood

39
Q

Osteolysis

A

Softening, absorption and destruction of bone connective tissue

40
Q

Osteoblasts ____ to bone matrix and osteoclasts ____ the matrix

A

-add
-remove

41
Q

Osteoblast and osteoclast are affected by

A

Hormonal levels

42
Q

Composition of the bone matrix

A

-calcium phosphate
-hydroxyapatite

43
Q

Compact bone

A

Solid and relatively dense

44
Q

Spongy bone

A

Appears more porous like a sponge

45
Q

Trabeculae

A

Open lattice of narrow plates of bone
-found in spongy bone

46
Q

Diploe

A

Flat bone of the skull, two layers of compact bone
-found in spongy bone

47
Q

Central canal

A

Cylindrical channel that lies in the Center of the osteon
-blood vessels and nerves
-compact bone

48
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Rings of bone connective tissue surrounding the central canal, and form osteon
-alternating collagen fibre directions give bone strength and resiliance

49
Q

Osteocytes are housed in

A

Lacunae

50
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny channels through bone connective tissue
-nutrients, minder all etc can pass thru the these passageways
Example: dentist story

51
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

-rings of bone that run the entire circumference of the bone itself

52
Q

Parallel lamellae

A

Make up spongy bone

human anatomy (15 decks)

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