Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

human anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two categories of anatomy

A

Microscopic Anatomy- anything not able to be viewed by the naked eye
Gross anatomy- structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difference branches of Gross Anatomy

A

SPECS DRRS
-Surface
-Pathologic
-Embryology
-Comparative
-Systemic
-Developmental
-Regional
-Radiographic
-Surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHATS THE PURPOSE OF “LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY”

A

Allows anatomical discussion to be unambiguous and have no confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomic position

A

The point of reference
-standing upright, feet forward and parallel
-head looking forward and level
-arms at side, palms forward, thumbs away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Planes

A

Divides into two imaginary sections
-colonial
-transverse
-midsagitial
(Oblique)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sections

A

Actual slices of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colonial

A

Anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transverse

A

Inferior and superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Midsagittal

A

Left and right
-equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oblique

A

Planes that are angled and not equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anatomical directional terms

A

Location of one body part in relation to others
-anterior/posterior
-superior/inferior
-medial/lateral
-proximal/distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior/posterior

A

Anterior- located in the front
Posterior- dorsal/back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superior/inferior

A

Superior- located above (head)
Inferior- forward (feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medial/lateral

A

Medial- towards midline
Lateral- away from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proximal/distal

A

Proximal- towards
Distal- away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many body cavities are there

A

Seven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior aspect

A

Cranial cavity, vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ventral cavity is made up by

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity; anterior/laterally by chest wall-inferiorly by diaphragm
CONTAINS PPM
-Mediastinum
-pleural cavity
-pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

-Abdominal cavity
-pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial cavity

A

posterior aspect
-formed by cranium
-contains the brain
-no serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vertebral canal

A

posterior aspect
-formed by the vertebral column
-contains the spinal cord
-no serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mediastinum cavity

A

-thoracic cavity
-contains the pericardial cavity, heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus and major blood vessels
-no serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

-found in thoracic cavity
-contains the heart (centrally associated)
-pericardium serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pleural cavity

A

-found in thoracic cavity
-lateral regions associated with the lungs
-pleura as serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

-found in abdominopelvic cavity

-contains stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine, kidney and ureters
-peritoneum as serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

-found in the abdominopelvic cavity
-contains urinary bladder, urethra, internal reproductive organs, some of large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membranes around many abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Potential space with serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers surface of most digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Abdominal region

A

-Inferior to the chest
-superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Antebrachial region

A

Forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Antecubital region

A

-anterior to the elbow
(Cubical region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Auricular region

A

Visible surface structures of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Axillary region

A

Armpit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Brachial region

A

Arm
-upper limb between the shoulder and elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Buccal region

A

Cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Calcaneal region

A

Heel of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Carpal region

A

Wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cephalic region

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cervical region

A

Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Crural

A

Leg
-lower limb between the knee and ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fibular

A

Lateral aspect of the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Hallux region

A

Great toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nasal region

A

Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Occipital region

A

Posterior aspect of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Olecranal region

A

Posterior aspect of the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Oral region

A

Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Orbital region

A

Eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Palmer region

A

Palm of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Patellar region

A

Kneecap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Pectoral region

A

Chest
-includes mammary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Pelvic region

A

Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Perineal region

A

Diamond shape between thighs
-contains anus and selected external reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Pes region

A

Foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Plantar region

A

Sole of the foot

66
Q

Pollex region

67
Q

Popliteal region

A

Area posterior to the knee

68
Q

Pubic region

A

Anterior region of the pelvis

69
Q

Radial region

A

Lateral aspect of the forearm
-thumb side

70
Q

Sacral region

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

71
Q

Scapular region

A

Shoulder blade

72
Q

Sterna region

A

Anterior middle region of the thorax

73
Q

Sural region

A

Calf
-posterior part of the leg

74
Q

Tarsal region

A

Proximal part of foot and ankle

75
Q

Thoracic region

A

Part of the torso, superior to thoracic diaphragm
-contains the pectoral, axillary and eternal regions

76
Q

Inguinal region

A

Groin
-junction of thigh and trunk

77
Q

Lumbar region

A

Small of the back
-inferior part of back between ribs and pelvis

78
Q

Mammary region

79
Q

Manus region

80
Q

Mental region

81
Q

Tibial region

A

Medial aspect of the leg

82
Q

Ulnar region

A

Medial aspect of forearm
-pink side

83
Q

Umbilical region

84
Q

Vertebral region

A

Spinal column

85
Q

Caudal/cranial

A

Caudal- at rear or tail end
Cranial- at head end

86
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the nose or mouth

87
Q

Ipsilateral/contralateral

A

-on the same side
-on the opposite side

88
Q

Deep/superficial

A

-on the inside/internal
-on the outside/external

89
Q

Parietal membrane

A

Along Outer cavity

90
Q

Serous membrane

A

Thin whitish membrane

91
Q

Visceral membrane

A

Covers the organ

92
Q

Serous cavity-serous fluid

A

Allows protection/fills
-prevents damage

93
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A

-epigastric
-umbilical
-hypogastric
-right/left hypochondriac
-right/left lumbar
-right/left iliac

94
Q

Epigastric region

A

(2)
Contains- liver, stomach, part of the pancreas, duodenum, adrenal glands

95
Q

Umbilical region

A

(5)
Contains transverse colon, part of small intestine, branches of the blood, vessels to the lower limb

96
Q

Hypogastric region

A

(8)
Contains part of the small intestine, bladder, sigmoid colon of large intestine

97
Q

Right hypochondriac region

A

(1)
Contains part of liver, gallbladder, part of the right kidney

98
Q

Left hypochondriac region

A

(3)
Contains part of the stomach, the spleen, part of the left kidney, the left colic flexure, large intestine

99
Q

Right lumbar region

A

(4)
Contains the ascending colon, right colic flexure of large intestine, superior part of the cecum, part of the right kidney, part of small intestine

100
Q

Left lumbar region

A

(6)
Contains the descending colon, part of left kidney, part of small intestine

101
Q

Purpose of quadrants

A

To describe injuries, pain, tumours and other abnormalities

102
Q

What are the four quadrants

A

Right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

103
Q

Name the eleven organ systems

A

-integumentary
-muscular
-reproductive
-skeletal
-respiratory
-nervous
-cardiac
-digestive
-immune (lymphatic)
-endocrine
-urinary

104
Q

Skeletal system’s anatomy

A

-skull
-various bones
-joints
-bone marrow
-cartillage

105
Q

Skeletal system function

A

Provides structure and support
-site of hemopolesis
-stores calcium and phosphorous
-provides site for muscle attachment

106
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Blood cell production
-bone marrow

107
Q

Integumentary system anatomy

A

-hair
-skin
-nails
-glands

108
Q

Integumentary system function

A

-Provides protection
-regulates body temperature
-site of sensory receptors
-synthesizes vitamin D
-prevents water loss

109
Q

Muscular system function

A

Produces body movement, generates heat, when muscles contract

110
Q

Endocrine system function

A

-glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones
-hormones regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels and reproductive functions

111
Q

Endocrine system anatomy

A

-Hypothalamus
-pineal gland
-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-thymus
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-kidney
-testes
-ovaries
-parathyroid

112
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

System moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients and pick up waste products

113
Q

Cardiovascular system anatomy

A

-heart
-blood vessels (veins, arteries)
-capillaries
-blood

114
Q

Nervous system anatomy

A

-peripheral nervous system
-central nervous system

115
Q

Nervous system function

A

Regulatory system, controls bodily movement
-responds to sensory stimuli
-helps to control all other systems
-consciousness, intelligence and memory

116
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Simplest: gas exchange
-cycles carbon dioxide and oxygen through the body

117
Q

Lymphatic (immune) system anatomy

A

-lymph nodes
-tonsils
-thymus
-spleen
-wbc

118
Q

Lymphatic (immune) system function

A

Transports and filters lymph through lymph vessels and indicates an immune response when necessary

119
Q

Digestive system anatomy

A

-oral cavity
-salivary glands
-esophagus
-liver
-stomach
-large intestine
-small intestine

120
Q

Digestive system function

A

Mechanically and chemically:
-digest food materials
-absorb nutrients
-expel waste product

121
Q

Male reproductive system anatomy

A

-ductus deferens
-seminal vesicle
-prostate gland
-urethra
-testis
-epididymis
-penis

122
Q

Female reproductive system anatomy

A

-mammary glands
-ovary
-uterus
-uterine (fallopian) tube
-vagina
-external genitalia

123
Q

Reproductive system function

A

-produces male/female sex hormones for maturation and secondary sex characteristics
-produces sex cells, sperm and oocytes

124
Q

Urinary system anatomy

A

-pair of kidney
-pair of ureter
-urinary bladder
-urethra

125
Q

Urinary system function

A

-filters the blood
-removes waste products from the blood
-concentrates waste products in the form urine

126
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Superficial marking and internal body structures
-bruise/burn

127
Q

Pathologic anatomy

A

Changes resulting from injury and disease

128
Q

Embryonic anatomy

A

Developmental changes occurring prior to birth

129
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

Comparing specific anatomy across species

130
Q

Surgical anatomy

A

Anatomic landmarks before and after surgery

131
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Structural changes from conception through maturity

132
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Specific area of a body/region as one complete unit
-skin

133
Q

Radio graphic

A

Technology to assist anatomy, usually visual
-xray

134
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Gross anatomy of each system in the body
-urinary system

135
Q

The four sensory receptors

A

-thermo
-meissener corpuscle
-nociceptor
-pacinian corpuscle

136
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Senses temperature

137
Q

Meissener corpuscle

A

Senses touch

138
Q

Nociceptor

A

Senses pain

139
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Senses pressure

140
Q

Skin

A

Protective layer across entire body
-first line of defence

141
Q

Bone marrow

A

Releases blood cells into the bloodstream when they are mature and required
-yellow bone marrow
-red bone marrow

142
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Stores body fat

143
Q

Red bone marrow

A

-RBC
-WBC
-platlettes

144
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue found in joints
-ability to resist compressive forces
-bone resilience
-provide support on bony areas

145
Q

CNS

A

The brain and the spinal cord
-receiving
-processing
-responding to sensory information

146
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

-sensory and motor information
-involuntary body functions
-connects CNS

147
Q

Thyroid

A

Controls metabolic rate
-releases thyroxine to aid in heart/digestive function

148
Q

Thymus

A

Primarily responsible for production and maturation of immune cells
-humoral factors

149
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Majorly keeps the body in homeostasis
-sleep, memory and appetite

150
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells
-microscopic

151
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue
-microscopic

152
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Equally divides into right or left

153
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides into right and left but may not be equal

154
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back side of the human body

155
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly side of the human body

156
Q

Caudal

A

At the rear/tail end

157
Q

Cranial

A

At the head end

158
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose or mouth

159
Q

Deep/superficial

A

Deep- on the inside
Superficial- on the outside

160
Q

Axial

A

Includes head, neck and trunk
-main vertical axis of the body

161
Q

Appendicular

A

Limbs or appendages

human anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions