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human anatomy > Chap 18 > Flashcards

Chap 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Two branches of autonomic ns

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

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3
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

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4
Q

Somatic sensory

A

Nerve impulses from special senses
-consciously perceived

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5
Q

Visceral sensory

A

Sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors
-blood vessels

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6
Q

Somatic motor

A

Consciously controlled muscle movement
-skeletal muscles

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7
Q

Autonomic motor

A

Motor output not consciously controlled
-smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Autonomic sensory neurons (location and where do they go)

A

Located in
-visceral organs
-blood vessels
Sent to the CNS

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9
Q

Integrating centres

A

Located in central nervous system

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10
Q

Autonomic motor neurons

A

From CNS to various effector tissues to regulate activity of
-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-glands

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11
Q

Enteric division ENS

A

Specialized network of nerves and ganglia
-independent network within wall of GI tract
-brain of the gut

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12
Q

Somatic nervous system process

A

-From spinal cord
-to myelinated motor neuron
-directly to effector

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system process

A

-from spinal cord
-more specifically preganglionic neuron
-to preganglionic axon
-to autonomic ganglion
-postganglionic axon
-to effector organ

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14
Q

Anatomical differences in ANS divisions

A

-length of preganglionic and postganglionic axons
-number of preganglionic axon branches
-location of ganglia

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15
Q

Sympathetic division has the ______ located in the _____

A

-preganglionic neurons
-T1 to L2

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16
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons located in _______ and _______

A

-brain stem nuclei
-S2 to S4

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17
Q

What division is found in the thoracolumabr division

A

Sympathetic division

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18
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons location

A

Located in the
-12 thoracic segments
-first two lumbar segments
T1-S2

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19
Q

Mass activation

A

SNS works to prepare for fight or flight
-everything kicks into gear

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20
Q

PNS division appearance of pre and postganglionic axon

A

Pre- long axon unbranched
Post- short axon

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21
Q

SNS pre and postganglionic appearance

A

Pre- short and branching
Post- long

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22
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Sites of synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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23
Q

Three types of sympathetic ganglia

A

-sympathetic trunk ganglia
-prevertebral ganglia
-postganglionic axons

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24
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Vertical row on either side of vertebral column

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25
Q

Prevertebral ganglia

A

Lies anterior to vertebral column and close to the large abdominal artieries

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26
Q

Postganglionic axons

A

From prevertebral ganglia innervate organs below diaphragm

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27
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the SNS location

A

Located: T1-L2
-lateral horns of gray matter

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28
Q

Three general groups of autonomic ganglia

A

-Sympathetic trunk ganglia
-prevertebral ganglia
-postganglionic axons

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29
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Sites of synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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30
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Vertical row on either side of vertebral column

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31
Q

Prevertebral ganglia

A

Lies anterior to the vertebral column, close to large abdominal arteries
Goes to various organs

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32
Q

Postganglionic axons

A

From pre-vertebral ganglia
-Innervates organs below the diaphragm

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33
Q

Sympathetic trunks location

A

anterior to spinal nerves and lateral to vertebral column

34
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia function

A

House sympathetic ganglion is neuron cell bodies
-one ganglion associated with each spinal nerve

35
Q

Types of prevertebral ganglia

A

-celiac
-superior mesenteric
-cervical ganglia inferior mesenteric
-sympathetic splanchnic nerves

36
Q

Celiac ganglia

A

Location: adjacent to origin of celiac artery
-preganglionic: T5-T9
-postganglionic: Innervates stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, pancreas

37
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglia

A
38
Q

Integrating centres located

A

In the central nervous system

39
Q

Is the somatic motor neuron myelinated or non myelinated?

A

Myelinated

40
Q

A myelinated nervous system is

A

Sympathetic nervous system

41
Q

Is the ANS myelinated or not myelinated

A

Preganglionic axon: is myelinated
Postganglionic: not myelinated

42
Q

In the ANS pathway what type is the first neuron

A

Preganglionic neuron

43
Q

Preganglionic neuron of the ANS

A

Cell body is in the brain or spinal cord
-first neuron in the ANS

44
Q

What excites the second neuron in the ANS

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

Ganglionic neuron in the ANS

A

-thin unmyelinated
Also called postganglionic as it comes after
-extends to effector cells

46
Q

Post ganglionic neurons function

A

Extend to effector cells

47
Q

Celiac ganglia postganglionic axons innervate what

A

Innervates stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, pancreas

48
Q

Postganglionic axons of superior mesenteric ganglia Innervates what

A

-distal duodenum
-pancreas
-small intestine
-proximal large intestine
-proximal ureteres

49
Q

Cervical ganglia

A

Found in the cervical areas of the spinal cord
-superior cervical ganglion
-middle and inferior cervical ganglia

50
Q

Superior cervical ganglion postganglionic axons innervate what

A

Head and neck

51
Q

Middle nad inferior cervical ganglia postganglionic Innervates

A

Thoracic viscera

52
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglia post ganglionic axons innervate

A

-hypogastric structure
-distal colon
-rectum
-reproductive organs
-bladder and ureter

53
Q

White ramus

A

Connects the spinal nerve to presympathetic
-myelination

54
Q

Grey ramus

A

Connects postganglionic to spinal nerve
-unmyelinated

55
Q

Origin of PNS preganglionic neurons

A

S2-S4

56
Q

Parasympathetic division vs sympathetic division: preganglionic neurons

A

P: long preganglionic axon
S: short, branching preganglionic axon

57
Q

Parasympathetic division vs sympathetic division: postganglionic

A

P: short postganglionic axon
S: long postganglionic axon

58
Q

Location of Parasympathic location (structure)

A

Brain stem, last portion of the spinal cord (sacral)

59
Q

Terminal ganglia (four)

A

-ciliary
-pterygopalatine
-submandibular
-optic

60
Q

Ciliary ganglia

A

Preganglionic: oculomotor nerve
Postganglionic: ciliary and iris muscles, help with vision

61
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglia

A

Preganglionic: passes through facial nerve
Postganglionic: lacrimal glands, nose gland, mouth and palate

62
Q

Submandibular ganglia

A

Preganglionic: passes with facial nerve
Postganglionic: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

63
Q

Otis ganglia

A

Preganglionic: pass with glassopharyngeal nerve
Postganglionic: parotid gland (salivary gland)

64
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Innervates the heart, lungs, lower abdominal organs

65
Q

Activity of vagus nerve in thoracic organs

A

Increases mucous production, decreases airway diameter and decreases heart rate/contraction

66
Q

Activity of vagus nerve in abdominal organs

A

Increases smooth muscles motility and secretory activity in GI tract

67
Q

Preganglionic axon sympathetic NS releases

A

Releases neurotransmitter called Ach

68
Q

Postganglionic neuron in sympathetic ns releases

A

Adrenergi (NE)

69
Q

Common neurotransmitter released by pre and post ganglionic axon in the sympathetic ns

A

Pre: ACh
Post: NE

70
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic ns secretions

A
71
Q

Sympathetic effects

A

Adrenergic
-gears body for action
-MASS ACTIVATION
-fight or flight

72
Q

Parasympathetic effects

A

Cholinergic effects
-conserves body’s energy
-rest and digest

73
Q

Autonomic plexuses

A

Located: thorax, abdomen, pelvis
-creates reflexes that: blood pressure and heart rate, digestion, opening and closing of sphincters (defecation and urination)

74
Q

Cardiac plexus

A

Increased heart rate and blood pressure (inc SNS)
Decreases heart rate (PNS)

75
Q

Pulmonary plexus

A

SNS- bronchodilation
PNS- bronchoconstriction and inc secretion from bronchial tree

76
Q

Esophageal plexus

A

PNS-swallowing reflex

77
Q

Abdominal aortic plexus

A

Celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus

78
Q

Hypogastric plexus

A

Supplies pelvic viscera
(Vagina, penis, clitoris, bladder and uterus)

79
Q

Autonomic reflexes

A

Maintain homeostasis
-smooth muscles contractions
-cardiac muscle contractions
-gland secretion

80
Q

Receptors that bind ACh are called

A

Cholinergic receptors

human anatomy (15 decks)

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