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human anatomy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial bones

A

-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-occipital
-sphenoid
-ethmoid

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2
Q

Facial bones

A

-nasal
-maxillae
-zygomatic
-mandible
-lacrimal
-palatine
-inferior nasal conchae
-vomer

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3
Q

How many cranial bones

A

8

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4
Q

How many bones in skull

A

22 bones

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5
Q

How many facial bones

A

14

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6
Q

Facial bones form the

A

Face

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7
Q

Cranial bones from the

A

Cranial cavity

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8
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton

A

80

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126

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10
Q

cranial cavities

A

-largest cavity
-encloses, cushions and supports the brain

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11
Q

Orbital cavity

A

Eye sockets

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12
Q

Oral cavity

A

Mouth.

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13
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Nose
-lined with mucous membranes

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14
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

-cavities within cranial and facial bones
-lines with mucous membrane

Functions:
-lighten skull
-inc surface area for more moisten and clean air
-intensify and prolong sounds

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15
Q

Four sinuses

A

-frontal sinus
-ethmoidal sinus
-sphenoidal sinus
-maxillary sinus

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16
Q

Sinuses all open into the

A

Nasal cavity

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17
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable fibrous joint
-found in adult skull

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18
Q

Four sutures

A

-coronal
-Sagittal
-squamous
-lambdoid

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19
Q

Coronal

A

Unites the frontal and parietal bones

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20
Q

Sagittal

A

Unites the two parietal bones

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21
Q

squamous

A

Unites the parietal and temporal bones

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22
Q

Lambdoid

A

Unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone

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23
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots
-areas of cartilage and mesenchyme arranged in thin plates

Functions:
-rapid growth of brain
-allows shape changing and flexibility for birth

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24
Q

Calavaria

A

Skullcap/roof of cranium

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25
Q

The base

A

Floor of cranium

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26
Q

Frontal bone

A

-unpaired
-anterior roof of cranium
-forehead, nasal cavity, orbital arches

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27
Q

Landmark/key feature of frontal bone

A

Frontal squamous, supraorbital margin and supraorbital foramen
-supraorbital artery and vein pass

Frontal sinuses
-reduce weight of skull

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28
Q

Frontal bone frontal crest

A

Attachment site of meninges to help stabilize the brain within skull

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29
Q

Frontal bone frontal sinuses

A

Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air and give resonance to voice

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30
Q

Frontal bone squamous part

A

Attachment of scalp muscles

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31
Q

Frontal bone supraorbital margin

A

Forms protective superior border of orbital cavity
-eyebrows

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32
Q

Frontal bones paired?

A

No, unpaired

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33
Q

Parietal bones paired?

A

Yes
Parietal bones are paired

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34
Q

Parietal bones

A

-forms sides and roof of cranial cavity
-paired
-occupies lateral portion of skull

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35
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in the bone, passageway for blood vessels, nerves and most times lymphatic system

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36
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

Supraorbital nerve, artery and vein

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37
Q

Temporal bones

A

-paired
-inferior lateral part of cranial floor (near the ear)
-articulates with only moveable bone of face

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38
Q

Superior and interior temporal lines

A

Lines across the parietal bones

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39
Q

Temporal mandibular joint

A

-articulates with the articular tubercle

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40
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheekbone

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41
Q

Zygomatic process belong to

A

the temporal bone

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42
Q

Temporal process belongs to

A

The zygomatic bone

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43
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

-zygomatic process of temporal bone
-temporal process of zygomatic

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44
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

Ear passes through this area

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45
Q

Petrous portion

A

Located: between sphenoid and occipital bones
Function: houses internal ear sensory organs,

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46
Q

Eternal auditory meatus

A

Conducts air into the middle ear

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47
Q

Mastoid process

A

Attachment site for several neck muscles

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48
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

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49
Q

Squamous portion

A

-lateral portion

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50
Q

Styloid process

A

Attachment for hyoid and tongue muscles

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51
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Passage for facial nerve and stylomastoid

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52
Q

Temporal process forms the

A

Zygomatic arch

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53
Q

Articular tubercle

A

Forms TMJ

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54
Q

Mastoid process

A

Attachment site for neck muscles

55
Q

Occiputal bone

A

-unpaired
-posterior part and base of the cranium

56
Q

Landmark of occiputal bone

A

-foramen magnum

57
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large hole, housing
-spinal cord, vertebral, spinal arteries and accessory nerve

58
Q

Squamous part of occipital bone

A

Forms posterior region of skull

59
Q

Basilar part of occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

60
Q

Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone

A

Hypoglossal nerve

61
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor nerve, move the tongue muscles

62
Q

Occipital condoles

A

-nob like structure
-where neck sits up
-first cervical vertebra

63
Q

Jugular notch

A

Jugular foramen (jugular vein)

64
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Ligament that helps support the head

65
Q

Superior and inferior nuchal line

A

Grooves and lines in the occiputal bone

66
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

-unpaired
-butterfly shaped
-middle part of the base of the skull
-keystone bone**

67
Q

Landmarks of sphenoid

A

-Sella turcica

68
Q

Sella turcica

A

-houses pineal gland

69
Q

Sphenoid bone: pterygoid processes

A

Muscles moving the lower jaw and soft palate

70
Q

Keystone bone

A

Articulate to several other cranial bones
-middle bone

71
Q

Sphenoid processes: sphenoid sinus

A

Drains into superior aspects of the nasal cavity

72
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

-unpaired
-smallest
-irregular shaped bone
-numerous paranasal sinuses
-medial wall of eye sockets

73
Q

The ethmoid bone houses….

A

Ethmoidal cells (becomes ethmoid sinuses)

74
Q

ethmoid bone - Crista galli

A

Attachment site for falx cerebri (brain membrane)

75
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses

A

Contain ethmoidal cells to clean the air

76
Q

Cranial fossae

A

Three distinct regions, corresponding to major contours of inferior surface of the brain

77
Q

What are the three cranial fossae

A

-anterior
-middle
-posterior

78
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

-cerebral hemispheres of the brain

79
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

-temporal lobes, and part of brain stem

80
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

-accommodates cerebellum, part of brain stem

81
Q

What are the only two unpaired facial bones

A

-vomer
-mandible

82
Q

Zygomatic

A

-paired
-cheekbone
-articulates with zygomatic process

83
Q

Zygomaticofacial foramen

A

-zygomatic bone
-zygoomaticalfacial nerve and blood vessel

84
Q

Lacrimal

A

-paired
-smallest bone of face
-drain tears from lacrimal gland
-medial wall of eye socket

85
Q

Lacrimal cannot drain enough tears=

A

Crying, tears roll down anterior face

86
Q

Lacrimal groove

A

-into maxilla
-accepts lacrimal sac that passes tears from eye into nasal cavity

87
Q

Nasal bone

A

-paired
-forms bridge of nose
-prone to damage
-supports cartilaginous plates

88
Q

Vomer

A

-unpaired
-ala
-vertical plate (perpendicular plate)

89
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

-paired
-help to filter air

90
Q

Superior nasal conchae

A

Increases surface area, aid in smell

91
Q

Mandible

A

-unpaired
-only moveable bone

92
Q

Structural features of mandible

A

-body
-rami
-angle

93
Q

Condylar process of mandible

A

Articulate with Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
-TMJ

94
Q

coronoid process of mandible

A

Temporal is muscle

95
Q

Mental foramen

A

-nerve passages and blood vessels
-introduces anaesthetics for dental surgery

96
Q

Palatine

A

-paired
-L shaped bones form hard slate
-separates nasal cavity from oral cavity

97
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

-scalp muscle

-retracts the scalp anteriorly
-moves eyebrows
-wrinkle skin on forehead at surprisingly emotion

98
Q

Nasalis

A

-nose muscle
-compress the bridge, depress tip of nose
-elevate nostril

99
Q

Procerus

A

-nose muscles
-moves nose and wrinkles nose
-position and shape of nostril

100
Q

Maxillae

A

-paired
-midline to form upper jaw

101
Q

Alveolar process

A

Upper teeth

102
Q

Infraorbita foramen

A

Blood vessels, nerves and branch of trigeminal nerve

103
Q

Bussinator

A

Muscle of mouth
-compress cheek during chewing
-blowing the trumpet

104
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

-mouth muscle
-compresses and purses lips

105
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

-mouth muscle
-draws lower lip inferior

106
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

-mouth muscles
-corner of mouth inferior lateral

107
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

-mouth muscles
-opens lips, furrows upper lip

108
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

-mouth muscles
-draws corners of mouth superior and lateral

109
Q

Frown

A

Depressor anguli oris

110
Q

To blink/close eyes

A

Orbicularis oculli

111
Q

To smile

A

Zygomaticus major

112
Q

To close mouth/kiss

A

Orbicularis oris

113
Q

To wrinkle forehead or raise eyebrows

A

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

114
Q

To tense skin of neck

A

Platysma

115
Q

Zygomaticus major and minor

A

-mouth muscle
-smile muscles

116
Q

Risorius

A

-mouth muscle
-laughter muscle

117
Q

Mentalis

A

-mouth muscle
-protrude lower lip
-wrinkle chin
-pouting

118
Q

Platysma

A

-neck muscles
Pulls lower lip inferiorly

119
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

-orbit and eyebrow muscles
Closes eyes

120
Q

Corrugator supercilix

A

-eyebrow muscle
Draws eyebrow inferiorly and medially to wrinkle above the nose

121
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles control the movement of each eyeball

A

There are six extrinsic eye muscles

122
Q

Why are extrinsic eye muscles considered EXTRINSIC

A

They originate on the outside of the eyeballs
-in the sclera

123
Q

Rectus

A

Means there are obvious actions in the extrinsic eye muscles

124
Q

Medial rectus

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Move eyeball medially
Adducts the eye

125
Q

Lateral rectus

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Moves eyeball laterally
Abducts eye

126
Q

Inferior rectus

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Depresses and adducts eye

127
Q

Superior rectus

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Elevates and adducts the eye

128
Q

Superior oblique

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Elevates and adducts the eye

129
Q

Inferior oblique

A

-extrinsic eye muscle
Depresses and abducts the eye

130
Q

The masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid

A

Provides strength for the bite

131
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

A

Chewing
-moves mandible from side to side
-protracting

132
Q

Temporalis

A

-muscles of mastication
Elevate and retract mandible

133
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid

A

-muscles of mastication
-grinding teeth and chewing
-side to side movement

human anatomy (15 decks)

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