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Physiology > Chapter - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(79 cards)

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0
Q

pressure exerted by non moving fluid

A

hydrostatic

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1
Q

hepatic portal vein takes blood from blank tract to the blank before it goes back to the heart

A

digestive, liver

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2
Q

hydrostatic pressure only applies to blank because it is not moving

A

ICF

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3
Q

pressure of fluid in motion

A

hydraulic

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4
Q

hydrostatic is equal in all blank

A

directions

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5
Q

forward pressure of flow in hydraulic

A

driving

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6
Q

sideways pressure on vessel hydraulic

A

lateral

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7
Q

lateral and driving pressure decrease due to

A

friction

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8
Q

liquids are not very blank or blank

A

compressible, expandable

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9
Q

volume changes of liquids indicate blank

A

big pressure changes

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10
Q

contracting/relaxing muscles alters blank of heart and blood vessels

A

volume

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11
Q

fluids always flow from blank pressure to blank

A

high, low

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12
Q

the major source of peripheral resistance

A

arterioles

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13
Q

arterioles have to provide so much resistance because

A

if they did not then the capillaries would be under too much pressure and burst and not do enough nutrient exchange due to a lower contact time

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14
Q

bigger pressure gradient results in blank flow

A

faster

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15
Q

the lower the resistance the blank the flow

A

faster

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16
Q

two determinants of flow rate

A

pressure gradient, resistance from frictio

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17
Q

resistance can be due to these things

A

viscosity of fluid, length of tube, diameter of tube

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18
Q

velocity equation

A

velocity (V) = flow rate (q) / cross sectional area (a)

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19
Q

veins change the blank to increase velocity of blood flow

A

cross sectional area

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20
Q

mean arterial pressure equation

A

MAP = cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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21
Q

probably the biggest determinant of blood viscosity

A

hematocrit

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22
Q

a rainforest sumo would have the biggest left ventricle because

A

he is large so he will have more pressure because longer blood vessels. also he cannot sweat which would cause viscosity of blood to increase which increases pressure

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23
Q

most problems in heart valves occur in the blank valve because

A

bicuspid, it has to stay closed during the time when the left ventricle is creating so much pressure to prevent back flow

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24
intercalated disks have a lot of blank and has these for electrical synapse
surface area, gap junctions
25
cardiac muscle has these simply for more surface area unlike skeletal muscle
t tubules
26
cardiac muscle have smaller blank than skeletal muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
27
mitochondria occupy blank of cell volume of cardiac cell and therefore relies on blank for most of the energy
one third, oxidative phosphorylation
28
main difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
DHP physically linked to RYR
29
one difference between cardiac and skeletal relaxation
skeletal muscle does not move calcium into ECF like cardiac does in one pathway
30
difference between smooth muscle and cardiac muscle relaxation regarding actin and myosin
calcium unbinds from calmodulin in smooth and troponin in cardiac
31
one difference between cardiac and smooth muscles relaxation
smooth muscle has calcium pumps on cell membrane but cardiac muscle has exchangers (symporters) that are not active transport
32
cardiac twitches can be blank unlike skeletal muscle which are all or none
graded
33
more calcium in cardiac twitches increases number of blank which increases blank
crossbridges, degree of tension
34
if more blood enters the heart then a blank contraction will occur to pump it
stronger
35
watch study video regarding myocardial contractile cells
okay
36
three ions in blank action potential rather than blank in blank
cardiac, two, skeletal muscle
37
longer action potential causes a longer
refractory period
38
longer refractory period prevents blank and blank
summation, tetanus
39
the blank wave is the site of blank and lies behind blank
u, atrial repolarization, qrs
40
heart sounds are caused by blank
blood crashing into the closed av / semilunar valves
41
during repolarization, the blank close to stop blank
valves, backflow of blood
42
after blood has hit the closed wall, there will be a massive rush backwards causing a quick spike in pressure known as the blank
dicrotic notch
43
blank pressure goes away in capillaries because the flow of blood has encountered so much blank
pulsatile, resistancd
44
main determinant of venous return to the heart
blood volume is greater than venous compliance
45
blank is the pushing out of blood vessels while blank is the returning to normal of blood vessels
compliance, elasticity
46
main determinant of systolic pressure
stroke volume greater than heart rate
47
main determinant of diastolic pressure
peripheral resistance
48
main determinant of pulse pressure
arterial compliance greater than blood volume
49
pulse pressure is the blank
difference between diastolic and systolic pressure
50
blood pumped by left ventricle during a contraction
stroke volume
51
volume of blood pumped by left ventricle in a given period of time
cardiac output
52
average cardiac output
5 L/min
53
increased blank volume equals increased blank volume
end diastolic, stroked
54
sympathetic nervous system causes veins to be less
compliant
55
blank cells determine heart rate
autorhythmic
56
blank cells determine stroke volume
contractile
57
two determinants of cardiac output
stroke volume, heart rate
58
local reflexive vasodilation
hyperemia
59
hyperemia caused by metabolism is blank
active
60
hyperemia caused by a decrease in perfusion
reactive
61
reactive hyperemia is when blank decreases and it needs to be brought back up
blood volume
62
active hyperemia occurs when metabolism increases and blank needs to match it
blood volume
63
the larger the blank, the smaller the blank with blood flow
cross sectional area, velocity
64
the slowest blood vessel so more blank can be done
capillaries, exchange
65
capillary exchange that is simple diffusion and is regulated by how close together the cells are
paracellular
66
capillary exchange that is facilitated diffusion or active transport and is regulated by proteins in the membrane
transcellular
67
capillary exchange that is mass movement of fluid
bulk flow
68
bulk flow is dictated by blank and blank pressure gradients
hydraulic, osmotic
69
fluid movement out of capillaries
filtration
70
there is net blank throughout artery
filtration
71
fluid movement into capillaries
absorption
72
net blank occurs at venous end
absorption
73
during absorption blank force is stronger than blank
osmotic, hydraulic lateral
74
during filtration, blank force is stronger than blank
hydraulic lateral, osmotic
75
this occurs when about 3 liters of fluid is filtered daily by bulk flow
edema
76
edema needs the plasma to be returned by the blank
lymphatic system
77
two causes of edema
inadequate drainage of lymph, capillary filtration far greater than absorption
78
why do malnourished people have distended abdomens?
decreased colloid osmotic pressure because body does not have enough proteins so absorption of fluid from intestines is not high enough. therefore more fluid is leaving to try and get as much protein out of the small intestines as possible

Physiology (11 decks)

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