Chapter 19 and 20 - Renal System Flashcards
thick part of loop of henle is made of blank epithelium
cuboidal
thin part of loop of henle is made of blank epithelial tissue
simple squamous
nephrons that dip from cortex all the way into medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons
bowman’s capsule and glomerulus podocytes function
filters plasma by bulk flow
proximal tubule funtion
reabsorbs large solutes which also moves water via osmosis
loop of henle function
reabsorbs more solutes than water
loop of henle creates blank urine
dilute
loop of henle sets up blank in renal medulla
high concentration
distal tubule and collecting duct function
dynamic reabsorption and secretion which determines final urine concentration
filtration is done by blank and blank
bulk flow, lateral hydraulic pressure
reabsorption and secretion are both controlled by blank via blank
membrane transport, simple diffusion
GFR is the blank
glomerular filtration rate
glomerular filtration is about blank liters per day
180
blank pressure must be greater than blank pressure or the kidneys stop working
lateral, osmotic
pressure changes in arterioles alter renal blood flow by changing
hydraulic pressure, glomerular filtration rate
three processes for local GFR regulation
myogenic response, tubuloglomerular feedback, hormones/autonomic neurons
local GFR regulation that has stretch sensitive ion channels opening which causes contraction to lower blood flow to lower filtration pressure
myogenic response
local GFR regulation that is in the juxtaglomerular apparatus by paracrine control using renin
tubuloglomerular feedback
long term local gfr regulation that changes resistance in arterioles and alters capillary surface area or permeability
hormone/autonomic neurons
secretion is a blank process
active
secretion allows urine conc to be greater than blank solute
plasma
secretion regulates blood concentration and pH by
Na+, K+, H+
blank percent of penicillin is excreted in 3 hours
80
probenecid competes for blank anion blank which allows for slower blank
organic, transporter, excretion
excretion rates can vary for different blank
solutes
rate that solute is removed from plasma
clearance
clearance is determined by comparing solute in blank vs blank
blood, urine
this is used to determine gfr because barely any is reabsorbed or secreted
creatinine
plant root polysaccharide that is a perfect measurement of gfr and doctor’s usually use this test if they know the patient’s kidneys are the problem
inulin
there should be no glucose in the urine because it is all balnk
reabsorbed
urea is reabsorbed but not all of it so
some is peed out
we have a transporter to blank penicillin but none to blank it
filter, reabsorb
these nephrons just alter blank not blank
volume, concentration
renal medulla has about half concentration of blank and another half blank
salts, urea
adh causes blank of urea transporters which blanks urea
exocytosis, increases
aldosterone causes blank of urea transporters which blanks urea and increases blank concentration
endocytosis, decreases, salt
adh increases number of blank in apical membrane which moves more water out of blank
aquaporins, collecting duct
most potent vasoconstrictor made by body
ANG II
these are given to diabetics to decrease blood volume
ACE inhibitors
