Chapter 7 - Endocrine Systems Flashcards
half life of hormones are the blank of the response
duration
hormones are active at blank concentrations
low
hormones are blank because the cell blank the signal
magnified, amplifies
chain of amino acids and these are usually blank
peptides, polar
made from cholesterol and are usually blank
steroids, non polar
this category of hormones can be polar which come from blank or non polar which come from blank
adrenal medulla, thyroid
most of these category of hormones are non polar and paracrine signals like prostaglandins
eicosanoids
cells making steroid hormones should have a lot of blank
mitochondria, smooth ER
steroids are blank so they can enter target cell
lipophilic/hydrophobic
steroids are blank acting but have a blank half life
slower, longer
steroids can be used to bind in nucleus and create new blank for blank
proteins, gene expression
steroid hormone effects last blank than peptide hormones
longer
amines that are smaller and polar
catecholamines
example of amine that acts like a lipid
thyroxine
example of amines that act like a peptide
norepinephrine and epinephrine
insulin release is an example of blank because there is more than one pathway to get the same response
redundancy
body anticipates you eating so blank is released in order to stay as close as possible to the blank set point
insulin, homeostasis
neurohormones don’t really include blank and blank because they are blank tissue
anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla, epithelial
anything coming from the blank is faster than anything released from the blank
posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary
two posterior pituitary hormones
ADH, Oxytocin
this means that a signal is going to be taken to another organ to release a different hormone
trophic
single anterior pituitary hormone that works systemically without causing release of something else
prolactin
combined effects of hormones and it is greater than additive
synergism
example of synergism
glucagon & cortisol/epinephrine
hormone interaction where you need second hormone to get full effect of first
permissiveness
example of permissiveness
GnRH & thyroid hormone in puberty
hormone interaction where action of first hormone opposed by a second
antagonism
example of antagonistic hormones
GHRH & somatostatin
increasing calcium ions will increase blank
exocytosis
