Chapter 5 - Membrane Transport Flashcards
most prolific solute regulation in the body
sodium potassium pump
fluid compartments of the body act as a blank between blank and blank
double buffer, cells, external environment
why isn’t homeostasis equilibrium
it has osmotic equilibrium, chemical disequilibrium (because of sodium and potassium levels), and electrical disequilibrium (due to resting membrane potential)
endocytosis, phagocytosis, and exocytosis all use a blank
membrane bound vesicle
secondary active transport, facilitated diffusion, and primary active transport requires a blank
membrane protein
in simple diffusion, a molecule goes straight through what
lipid bilayer
diffusion is blank over short distances, and blank over long distances
rapid, slow
diffusion is directly related to blank which speeds it up as it increases
temperature
diffusion is blank related to molecular size
inversely
- Thickness of tissue
- Size of concentration gradient
- Surface area of partition
- Temperature
- Permeability of membrane
all part of blank
Fick’s law of diffusion
membrane proteins function as blank which has two kinds and they are…
membrane transporters, carrier protein, channel protein
carrier proteins do what
change conformation shape
channel proteins regulate what
gates of the channel itself
two types of channel proteins
leak, gated
three types of gated channels
mechanically gated, voltage gated, chemically gated
membrane proteins can also function as blank proteins and are found in these two places
structural, cell junctions, cytoskeleton
membrane proteins can function which are active in these two things
membrane enzymes, metabolism, signal transduction
membrane blank tell the different membrane proteins when to function and under what conditions
membrane receptors
a membrane receptor must have a blank on the blank of the cell to bind to blank which is usually blank
active site, outside, substrate, ligand
ligand receptor complex triggers blank response which is called blank
intracellular response, signal transduction
membrane transport protein that carries one thing in one direction
uniport
membrane transport protein that carries two objects in one direction
symport
membrane transport protein that carries two things in opposite direction
antiport
channel proteins have a blank structure with a central blank
quaternary, hydrophilic pore
channel selectivity relies mostly on blank
charge
concentration gradient created by one solute powers the diffusion of another solute
secondary active transport
sodium potassium pump is the same as sodium potassium blank
ATPase
a uniport carrier protein during facilitated diffusion for glucose
GLUT
sodium glucose symporter protein that is doing secondary active transport
SGLT
benefit of having SGLT is that
can scavenge glucose when there is not a lot of it
cells that need a lot of SGLT’s
stomach, large intestine, nephrons, neurons
substrate binding always has blank no matter if passive or active
specificity, competition, saturation
maltose is a blank in GLUT transporters
competitive inhibitor because it binds but won’t work because maltose jams up the protein
membrane pushes out in this vesicular transport to engulf foreign particle
phagocytosis
membrane caves in in this vesicular transport
endocytosis
two types of endocytosis
pinocytosis (nonselective), receptor mediated (highly selective)
endocytosis in reverse and secretory vesicles fuse with membrane surface
exocytosis
epithelial tissue is the one type of tissue in body that has blank
polarity
toward lumen in epithelium
apical
other parts of epithelium (side and bottom)
basolateral
two epithelial transport routes
transcellular, paracellular
epithelial transport route where materials must pass through cells
transcellular
epithelial transport route that materials must pass between cells
paracellular
more selective, slower, and uses more energy route of epithelial transport
transcellular
faster, less atp, and less selective epithelial transport route
paracellular
both epithelial transport routes are blank
dynamic
depolarization… cell is becoming more blank
positive
hyperpolarization… cell is becoming more blank
negative
quantity of a molecule in 1L of solvent
molarity
number of all particles dissolved in 1L
Osmolarity
flow of solvent
tonicity
net loss of water
hypotonic
gain and loss are equal
isotonic
net gain of water
hypertonic
