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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9: Tissue Types > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Tissue Types Flashcards

1
Q

What is glandular epithelium?

A

Secretory units of endocrine & exocrine glands. Specialized for secretory activity and can function on their own (unicellular glands) and in clusters (multicellular glands)

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2
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Discharge secretions into ducts

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3
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

“Ductless” glands; discharge secretions directly into blood or interstitial fluid.

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4
Q

Endocrine glands goes into:

A

Blood–so they can go everywhere in the body.

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5
Q

Exocrine glands go:

A

Into the lumen, or out through the skin.

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6
Q

Exocrine glands always need a _____:

A

Duct or path

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7
Q

Connective Tissue

A

The most widely distributed tissue in body. Multiple types–determined by structure of matrix and fibres of tissue. Ex. bones, blood, adipose.

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8
Q

The most abundant tissue in the body is _______ tissue.

A

Connective

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9
Q

General structure of CT

A

Extracellular matrix is predominant and determines its physical characteristics.
Fluid, gel, solid matrix, and collagenous (strong & flexible) and/or elastic fibres.

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10
Q

Functions of CT

A

Connects, binds, and supports structures (Tendons, ligaments, etc.)
Protects & cushions organs and tissues
Insulates (fat)
Transports substances (blood)

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11
Q

What are the classifications of CT?

A

Fibrous (connective tissue proper)
Bone
Cartilage
Blood

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12
Q

What kind of fibres in the fibrous CT?

A

Collagen & elastic fibers

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13
Q

Major types of CT:

A

Areolar connective tissue (loose fibres, not strong)
Adipose (fat)
Dense fibrous
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
Hematopoietic tissue (bone: cancellous (spongy))

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14
Q

Loose tissue/areolar is the:

A

Most widely distributed of all CT. It is the glue that holds the organs together.

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15
Q

What is the primary function of adipose tissue:

A

Lipid storage (Leptin production is secondary)

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16
Q

What is the dense fibrous CT?

A

Packed fibres within the matrix. There is a lot of collagen and elastin. Strong and flexible–eg. tendons and ligaments.

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17
Q

Adipose tissue are full of _____ and the contents of the cell are pushed to the side.

A

Fat. Very hard to get rid of fat because it is inside the cell.

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18
Q

What is the hardest CT?

A

Bone

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19
Q

Bone has a ____ and ______ matrix.

A

Hard, calcified.

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20
Q

What are osteons?

A

Structural building blocks with a circular structure.

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21
Q

What is the function of bone CT?

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and supports hematopoietic tissues.

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22
Q

What is the function of bone CT?

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and supports hematopoietic tissues.

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23
Q

Cartilage tissue is avascular tissue T | F

A

False

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24
Q

What are cartilage cells called?

A

Chondrocytes.

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25
What kind of matric does cartilage tissue have?
Firm plastic/rubber or gristle like gel.
26
What kind of matrix does cartilage tissue have?
Firm plastic/rubber or gristle like gel.
27
Avascular is quick to heal when damaged T | F
False
28
What is the most unusual type of CT?
Blood--the matrix is fluid
29
What is the function of blood CT?
transportation, body temp, pH, immunity.
30
What is hematopoietic tissue?
Blood like connective tissue found in red marrow cavities. . Forms blood and lymphatic cells. Important in immunity. Called spongy bone because of appearance.
31
Examples of hematopoietic tissue:
Blood, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes.
32
What is muscle tissue?
Have the highest degree of contractability.
33
Are muscle tissues quick or slow to heal?
Slow--scare form at sight of injury.
34
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
35
Skeletal Muscle:
Attaches to bones (via tendons).
36
Control is _______ with skeletal muscle. (voluntary or involuntary)
Voluntary
37
Ligament is _____ to ______
Bone to bone
38
Tendon is _______ to _______
Muscle to bone
39
Cardiac Muscle
Forms the walls of the heart. Produces regular, involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle for heartbeat. Has faint cross striation and thicker dark band called intercalated disks.
40
Smooth Muscle
Has involuntary control. Appears smooth--without cross striations. Forms walls of blood vessels, hollow organs eg. intestines.
41
Neurons can't be repaired. T | F
True
42
What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?
Membraneous and glandular.
43
What is membraneous epithelium?
Covers the body and some of it's parts; lines the serous cavities, blood, and lymphatic vessels, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts.
44
What is the glandular epithelium?
Secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands.
45
What are functions of epithelial tissue?
``` Protection Sensory functions Secretion Absorption Excretion ```
46
Epithelial tissue is _________.
Avascular
47
What are the 4 classifications of epithelial tissue (by shape)?
Squamous Cubodial Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar
48
What are the 4 classifications of epithelial tissue (by layers/arrangement of cells)?
Simple (single layer) Stratified (multiple layers) Transitional (shapes that can stretch)
49
``` True or False Types of epithelial tissues: Simple squamous Stratified squamous Simple columnar Stratified transitional Pseudostratified ```
True
50
Simple Squamous:
Single layer of flat "scale" shaped cells. Structure is perfect for diffusion and is permeable to many substances.
51
Where is simple squamous tissue located in the body?
Alveoli of lungs, lining of blood & lymphatic vessels
52
Simple Cubodial:
Single layer of cube-shaped cells and are specialized in secretory activity (saliva, digestive juices, sweat, hormones).
53
Simple cubodials are grouped into tubules and glands T | F
True Tubules- urine producing tubules of kidneys. Glands-With or without ducts.
54
How does pseudostratified epithelium differ from stratified epithelium?
Each cell touches basement membrane.
55
Simple Columnar:
Single layer of tall, narrow, column-shaped cells. Composes the surface of mucous membranes that line the stomach, intestines, parts of respiratory & reproductive systems. For absorption.
56
What is the special function of simple columnar epithelium
Mucus production
57
Pseudostratified Columnar:
Columnar cells of varying heights and they line the respiratory tract and reproductive system. It is a single layer that appears as if there is two or more layers.
58
Stratified Squamous:
Several layers of closely packed cells and protection is its primary function. Can be keratinized and non-keratinized.
59
Stratified Cubodial:
Two or more rows of cubodial cells arranged over a basement membrane. Its function is protection and is located in sweat glands, pharynx, etc.
60
Stratified Columnar:
Multiple layers of columnar cells, and only the most superficial cells are typical in shape. They are protective and rare (located in male urethra).
61
Stratified Transitional:
Up to 10 layers of roughly cubodial shaped cells that distort to a squamous shape when stretched. It is protective and found in the bladder.
62
What are the 2 types of epithelial tissues?
Membraneous and Glandular.
63
What are membranous epithelium?
Covers the body and some of its parts; lines the serous cavities, blood & lympathic vessels, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts.

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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