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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 10: The Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 10: The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two primary layers of skin?

A

Epidermis & dermis

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2
Q

What is the supporting layer of skin called?Under the epidermis and dermis.

A

Hypodermis

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3
Q

Epidermis cell types:

A

Keratinocytes (water proofing), melanocytes, epidermal dendritic cells (immune response), and tactile epithelial cells.

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4
Q

Tactile Epithelial

A

Sensory role; light touch

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5
Q

What are the epidermis cell layers from deep to superficial? What process does this serve?

A 
Stratum Basale (innermost layer--cells going through mitosis)
Stratum Spinosum (cells rich in RNA)
Stratum Granulosum (contain high levels of lysosomal enzymes)
Stratum Lucidum (cells with keratin precursor)
Stratum Corneum (most superficial layer)

Allows skin to repair itself as needed.
Table in Textbook

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6
Q

Stratum Basale:

A

Innermost layer that continuously reproduce (mitosis). As the cells approach the surface, they are filled with
keratin, which gives skin its specialized function.

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7
Q

What is the area between the epidermis and dermis?

A

Dermoepidermal Junction.

Like a layer of glue holding the two layers together. However, sometimes it tears and blisters are caused between.

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8
Q

Which skin layer is thicker? Epidermis or dermis?

A

Dermis

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9
Q

What is dermis composed of?

A

Connective tissue

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10
Q

What are the 2 layers of dermis?

A

Papillary & reticular

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11
Q

Papillary

A

Superficial. Parallel rows of dermal papillae, which helps bind the dermis to the epidermis

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12
Q

Which layer is the basis of finger prints?

A

Papillary

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13
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Deep. Network of collagenous and stretchable fibres. Number of elastic fibres decreases with age and shows wrinkles.

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14
Q

Papillary layer is ________, and reticular layer is _______.

A

Superficial, deeper

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15
Q

Hypodermis

A

Mainly full of fat which provides insulation from extreme heat. It is also an alternative source of energy and provides cushion.

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16
Q

Where is the hypodermis located?

A

Under dermis

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17
Q

______ is loose connective tissue.

A

Hypodermis

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18
Q

Skin Pigment

A

Produced in stratum basale by cells called melanocytes.

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19
Q

Melanin

A

Primary function is to absorb harmful UV radiation from sunlight to prevent sunburn/skin cancer.

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20
Q

What are the skin functions?

A 
Protection
Sensation
Flexibility
Excretion
Hormone (vitamin D) production
Immunity
Temperature Regulation
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21
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Detects Light Touch

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22
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Detects pressure

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23
Q

Krause end bulbs (bulboid corpuscles)

A

Detect frequency vibration and fine touch.

Nerves=pain

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24
Q

Growth requires an epidermal tube like structure called:

A

Hair follicle

25
Q

Growth begins from small cap-shaped clusters of cells at the base of the follicle called:

A

Hair papilla

26
Q

Hair root lays hidden in the follicle T | F

A

True

27
Q

Your hair will be _____ if there’s no melanin in it.

A

Grey

28
Q

If you destroy the ______ you will have no hair.

A

Papilla

29
Q

Arrector pili (smooth muscle)

A

Causes the contractions such as goosebumps/hair standing up.

30
Q

What is the crescent shaped area in the nail?

A

Lunula

31
Q

Nails, hair, and skin are full of what?

A

Keratin

32
Q

What are the 2 types of sudoriferous glands (sweat)?

A

Eccrine & apocrine

33
Q

What are the 2 types of skin/cutaneous glands (all exocrine)?

A

Sebaceous and sudoriferous.

34
Q

Eccrine (function throughout life)

A

Most numerous, important and widespread sweat glands. Produce sweat which is eliminated through pores. They assist in body heat regulation.

35
Q

Apocrine (enlarge/onset at puberty)

A

Mostly in armpit and around genitalia. Secretion is thicker/milky (odor caused by bacterial breakdown). Include ceruminous glands (make ear wax).

36
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Grow where hair grows. Secerte oil (sebum), for hair and skin (ducts open into hair follicles). Amount of secretion is regulated by sex hormones. Sebum in sebaceous gland ducts may darken to form blackhead. Secretion decreases with age.

37
Q

Ceruminous Glands are located where and produce what?

A

Ear, ear wax. (ear wax is a mix of secretions with sebum)

38
Q

3 Types of skin cancer:

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

39
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma:

A

Slow growing because they are avascular.

40
Q

Which type of skin cancer is most common?

A

Basal cell

41
Q

What are the warning signs of malignant melanoma?

A 
A- asymmetry
B- border
C-colour 
D-diameter (>6mm)
E-evolving
42
Q

First Degree Burns

A

Occurs in epiderm. Minimal damage (peeling, no blistering)

43
Q

Second Degree Burns

A

Involves the deep epidermal layers. Involves pain, blistering, swelling, and scarring.

44
Q

Third Degree Burns

A

Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis may involve bone and muscles. no pain (nerves are destroyed) initially but intense pain follows. Serious fluid loss and increased risk of infection.

45
Q

What type of membrane is the skin?

A

Cutaneous

46
Q

Thick skin covers most of the body T | F

A

False

47
Q

Keratinocytes

A

90% of cells, water proofing, outer skin

48
Q

Melanocytes

A

5%, pigment-producing, filter UV light.

49
Q

Epidermal dendritic cells

A

Play a role in immune response

50
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Cells rich in RNA

51
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Cells contain high levels of lysosomal enzymes

52
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Cells filled with keratin precursor.

53
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

The tough outer (horny) layer which is made of the keratin filled cells that have pushed their way to the surface. It is the layer of skin that sheds.

54
Q

What does dermis skin contain?

A

Nerve endings, muscle fibres, hair follicles, sweat & subaceous glands, and a rich vascular supply.

55
Q

What is keratin and what purpose does it serve?

A

It is a tough, waterproof material that protects the skin.

56
Q

________ is the change in skin color (bluish tinge in light skinned individuals) if blood O2 levels or blood flow is reduced.

A

Cyanosis

57
Q

Dermis cells are scattered further apart than epidermis and there are many fibres (collagen and elastin) in between cells. T | F

A

True

58
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Nerve endings, muscle fibres, hair follicles, sweat & sebaceous glands, and a rich vascular supply.

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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