Chapter 5: Cell Structure

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The smallest structural and functional unit of all living things.

Question 2

All cells are impossible to see unless with a microscope T | F

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the 3 main parts of the cell?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 4

Plasma Membrane

Answer 4

Forms the outer boundary of the cell. Has a double phospholipid layer.

Question 5

Glycoproteins

Answer 5

ID card for each cell, and are responsible for allergies.

Question 6

What are the functions of plasma membrane?

Answer 6

• Transport (controls what enters/exits the cell)
• Signalling (some IMP’s act as receptors for hormones)
• Identification (self or non-self?)
• Connection (cells are sharing proteins to attach to each other)

Question 7

IMP

Answer 7

Integrated Membrane Proteins. They’re embedded in the cell membrane.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Gel like substance in between plasma membrane and nucleus. Contains organelles.

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

Network of connecting membraneous walled sacs and canals. They’re the packing systems and transport proteins through the cytoplasm.

Question 10

Two parts of E.R?

Answer 10

Rough and smooth

Question 11

What’s the difference between rough and smooth E.R?

Answer 11

Rough-w/ ribosomes (protein synthesis)
Smooth-w/o ribosomes. Protein transportation. Makes lipids and carbohydrates. Removes & stores calcium from the cell.

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

Protein factories. It is an enzyme which is made up of a large and small subunit of rRNA and protein. Reads the rRNA as it goes through and then creates copy.

Question 13

Ribosomes can be on the ER or free floating T | F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 14

Membranous organelle thats a group of stacked, flattened sacs near nucleus. It receives and processes protein molecules from the ER. Produce enzymes that are packaged and transported to the cell membrane.

Question 15

Vesicles

Answer 15

Little sacs contained within the Golgi Apparatus

Question 16

Lysosomes

Answer 16

Contain digestive enzymes (dead waste). It breaks down molecules into small molecules that can be used again.

Question 17

Ribosomes break off the Golgi Apparatus T | F

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Tiny sacs that have walls composed of inner and outer membranes. It is the site of cellular respiration, and is the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 19

Cell is alive because of the ____________:

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

Mitochondria2

Answer 20

Each contains one DNA which allows it to produce enzymes and replicate itself.

Question 21

Centrioles

Answer 21

Paired organelles which are rod shaped. Helps cell division.

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Cells framework which allows movement of cells.

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

Fine hairs for mobility and helps substances move through.

Question 24

Flagellum

Answer 24

Single projection. “Tail”

Question 25

Microvilli

Answer 25

Covers epithelial cells where absorption s important, which provides structure & movement.

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

Brain of the cell. Contains DNA, and controls cell reproduction.

Question 27

Structure of the nucleus?

Answer 27

2 Layers; nuclear pores.

Question 28

Chromatin Granule

Answer 28

When cells are non-dividing?

Question 29

3 Major types of direct cell connections:

Answer 29

• Desmosomes
• Gap Junctions
• Tight Junctions

Question 30

Desmosomes

Answer 30

“spot” or “belt”

Question 31

Gap Junctions

Answer 31

Membrane channels of adjacent cells connect to each other

Question 32

Tight Junctions

Answer 32

Holds sheets of cells close together