Chapter 4: Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds?

Answer 1

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids.

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

To provide energy, and contain H, C & O. Energy is released when bonds are broken.

Question 3

Carbohydrates are made up of 6 subunits T | F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide.

Question 5

Monosaccharide

Answer 5

A single sugar. Ex. glucose, lactose, galactose, fructose, ribose.

Question 6

Disaccharide

Answer 6

Made up of 2 monosaccharides.
Sucrose=glucose+fructose
Lactose=glucose+galactose
Maltose=glucose+glucose

Question 7

Polysaccharide

Answer 7

Complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharide units.

Question 8

Glycogen is made up of many galactose units T | F

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

Store energy, hormone production and forms cell membrane

Question 10

What are the 2 variations of lipids?

Answer 10

Fats & oils

Question 11

What are the 3 types of lipids?

Answer 11

Phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol.

Question 12

Triglycerides

Answer 12

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids. Bonds store energy for later use.

Question 13

Phospholipids

Answer 13

1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus. Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, therefore forming a stable double layer.

Question 14

Which lipid is crucial in the cell membrane?

Answer 14

Phospholipids

Question 15

Cholesterol

Answer 15

Have a steroid structure. Core is 20 carbons bonded together into 4 fused rings.

Question 16

Cholesterol converts into ______ _______, such as estrogen, testerone, and cortisone.

Answer 16

Steroid hormones

Question 17

Proteins

Answer 17

Large molecules made up of amino acids, and contains C, H, O, N.

Question 18

Essential amino acids are 8 a.a.s and must be provided by food or supplements T | F

Answer 18

True

Question 19

_______ is the most abundant organic compound.

Answer 19

Protein

Question 20

22 A.A’s make up the human body. T | F

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Lock and Key Methods

Answer 21

Each enzyme has a shape that “fits” with the specific molecules it works on.

Question 22

List the structural and functional benefits of proteins.

Answer 22

• forms structures
• collagen is a fibrous protein that holds many tissues together.
• keratin is waterproof fibers that are in the outer skin layer.
• participates in boy’s chemical processes (hormones, cell membranes, and enzymes).

Question 23

Nucleic Acids

Answer 23

Important part of DNA & RNA.

Question 24

What are the nucleotide units?

Answer 24

Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen bases.

Question 25

What are the nitrogen bases?

Answer 25

Adenine, Thymine/Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine.

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

Mastercode for assembling proteins. Is the genetic code.

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

“Working copy” of a gene (portion of DNA).

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

Energy currency of cells.

Question 29

Sucrose and lactose are monosaccharides T | F

Answer 29

False

Question 30

The main function proteins is to provide the body with energy T | F

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Of the 21 amino acids that make up the human body, 8 are essential T | F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

denine, thymine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine are _________:

Answer 32

Nitrogen Bases

Question 33

Enzymes are either part of the reactants or products of a chemical reaction T | F

Answer 33

False??

Question 34

Enzymes are functional proteins T | F

Answer 34

True??